The English version of the articles published by the staff of Safe Riders and our friends and collaborators. Safe driving but also technique, bike tests, insights and fun. Enjoy reading!
In writing the review of my 2007 BMW K1200GT, equipped with its good old dials, it came naturally to me to reflect on infotainment available in modern vehicles and, given that the topic is of general interest and not just about who is interested in this specific bike, I decided to write a separate article.
Digital had entered the instrumentation a few years before, but these were monochrome LCDs, which usually accompanied only the traditional tachometer; above all, there was no possibility of connection with a smartphone, typical of current production. Sure, compared to today’s TFT displays, 2000s instruments look like leftovers from the Great War. But I wonder: With these fantastic screens showing everything in Technicolor, is life on board really better? Fluff aside, and for various reasons, my opinion is no; and the same applies to both motorcycles and cars.
First of all, graphics aside, the amount of information useful for driving that is available on a modern instrument panel is exactly the same that I have on my K and on any other good instrument panel of the time. What really changed was the addition of accessory information, i.e., infotainment and GPS navigation; but their introduction is precisely the main cause of the problems that arise in the use of modern displays. In fact, the need to manage an enormous amount of information has forced manufacturers to implement complicated menus and, although they have made an effort to simplify their use, introducing wheels, joysticks, and the like , navigation remains a fact that requires a lot of time and attention, distracting from riding, not counting the time lost studying, at least in outline, the dozens of pages that every manual now dedicates to the matter: 46 on the BMW R1200GS, and over 60 on the Moto Guzzi V100 Mandello!
Furthermore, infotainment and GPS navigation rely on the smartphone and therefore require its pairing with the bike’s Bluetooth system, as well as the hands-free system installed in the driver’s helmet. Now, I chew a bit of technology, but until today I have not found a single motorcycle or car where the connection between smartphone and on-board instrumentation has not given me problems, not only during the first installation, but also in normal use. First of all, you need to study the manual and waste time understanding how to do it. Then you have to make the connection, raise your hand who succeeded the first time. Then there are the failed reconnections on restart, resulting in cumbersome decoupling and repeating the procedure, a problem that shouldn’t even exist, but is a frequent experience. Furthermore, operating the smartphone functions via the bike commands is much more cumbersome than directly using the smartphone itself.
As if all this were not enough, the GPS route is often displayed on the TFT display only in the form of pictograms and written directions; but even in cases where a real map is reproduced, it is not the same as seen in Google Maps or in Waze and usually lacks some important information, especially that related to speed camera locations.
But then, isn’t it better to leave the instrumentation with its traditional tasks, and use the smartphone directly for everything else? That’s exactly what I do on my K and it works well, much better than on a modern bike. I installed it on the handlebar in a perfect position by using the original BMW GPS base to mount a Quad Lock support with a bayonet coupling that hooks onto a very sturdy, dedicated cover that cannot be accidentally released in any way. I also mounted a watertight USB socket for recharging which can be done also with a wireless system with most modern smartphones.
Mounting in open air ensures that the phone does not overheat — at least my Huawei P30 doesn’t. A transparent rubber cover protects the phone in case of pouring rain although, to tell the truth, I have never had to use it because it is almost impossible for mounted phones to get wet on big tourers. Most of today’s motorcycling gloves allow the use of the display without major problems. Texting is not possible, but usually the destination is set before departure and, in any case, Waze and Google Maps accept voice commands and have large buttons that can be operated with gloves; the same goes for the main commands of the best music players.
Recently, BMW has started to offer an aftermarket smartphone holder that allows use via the Multicontroller wheel. Could this be the beginning of a rethink? I hope so.
BMW is inextricably linked to the two-cylinder boxer, but not many people know that this type of engine had actually been patented by Karl Benz – yes, precisely that of Mercedes-Benz – in 1896 and was already quite widespread in the two-wheel sector well before BMW started making motorcycles. However, it was arranged longitudinally, with a cylinder in front and one behind because this allowed the rear wheel to be driven by a simple chain, as usually happens on motorcycles. As you can easily imagine, this configuration gave cooling problems to the rear cylinder; therefore, when the House decided to build its own motorcycle, the project manager, Max Fritz, chose to install the engine transversely. Thus was born in 1923 the R32, the first BMW motorcycle, which inaugurated the mechanical layout still used in the R series to this day.
Indeed, this architecture offers many advantages compared to other twin cylinders: low center of gravity, few vibrations, excellent regularity at low revs, perfect dynamic cooling, and extremely easy access to the mechanical parts requiring more frequent maintenance, i.e., the spark plugs and the valves. The main disadvantage is that the longitudinal arrangement of the crankshaft makes it necessary to insert a bevel gear at the gearbox outlet in order to have the sprocket correctly oriented, an expensive solution both in terms of cost and energy absorption. Once this step has been done, we might as well get rid of the chain with all its annoying maintenance and adopt a drive shaft. This is the reason for the indissoluble bond between the boxer and the cardan shaft, a pairing that has made BMW the ideal choice for traveling with few problems in any climate. It is no coincidence that over time, despite having achieved numerous successes in competitions, the Monaco company had acquired a solid reputation as a manufacturer of refined, comfortable, powerful, and reliable touring motorcycles.
Birth of the K Series
In 1968, the launch of the extraordinary Honda CB750 Four shook the foundations of the motorcycling world. Beautiful and well made, this bike sported a very modern, powerful, and reliable four-cylinder in-line, capable of offering a level of vibration and regularity of operation impossible for twin-cylinder; but, above all, it costed much less than its possible competitors. BMW occupied an exclusive market niche and therefore did not suffer like other manufacturers on the arrival of this model but, in any case, its management decided not to sit idly by and so began to study new engine schemes. In addition to various improved twin-cylinder boxers, it also studied a 4-cylinder boxer and a sensational 168° V-four. However, BMWs with the classic boxer continued to sell, so these plans remained on paper.
Things changed towards the end of the 1970s, not only because of California’s particularly stringent anti-pollution regulations, but also because of the ever-growing diffusion of Japanese multi-cylinder bikes with technical data sheets that were becoming increasingly unreachable by the competitors. These issues prompted the Bavarian manufacturer to adopt a 4-cylinder engine. The most natural choice would have been to fish out the 4-cylinder boxer or the 168° 4V designed a few years earlier, but the boxer would have seemed like a copy of the magnificent 1975 Honda GL1000 Gold Wing, while the 4V was judged too complex. Furthermore, BMW pride would never allow it to stoop to imitating the transverse inline four of the Japanese bikes.
To solve the problem, it was necessary to think outside the box, and this was precisely what Stefan Pachernegg and Josef Fritzenwenger – respectively responsible for the new project and its mechanical part – did when they decided to build a prototype using an engine borrowed from a Peugeot 104.
The choice fell on the French city car because its 954 cc liquid-cooled, four-cylinder aluminum engine, in addition to being compact and light, was mounted under the bonnet at an angle of 72° with respect to the vertical and therefore was already practically ready for the use that the designers had in mind. In fact, it was mounted on the prototype longitudinally and with the cylinders horizontal, so as to have the head on the left and the crankshaft on the right. This arrangement, an absolute first, was ingenious and perfect for a BMW because it kept the low center of gravity typical of boxers but, in addition, it allowed a number of other important advantages: extraordinary mechanical accessibility, smooth rotation and the possibility of high horsepower typical of four cylinders, smaller width, and facility of coupling with the shaft final transmission. The idea was absolutely crazy, but the BMW Big Bosses liked it and so the development of the new project was approved. The Peugeot prototype was destroyed and there is no longer a single photograph of it.
Wanting to build a liquid-cooled, four-cylinder in-line, it was natural to seek the help of the BMW cars division. Indeed, the initial idea was to develop a 1300-1600 cc engine that could be used on both two and four wheels. However, this proved to be unfeasible because its association with a motorcycle transmission would have resulted in dimensions incompatible with the average human size. Therefore, the engineers began to work on a compact-sized integrated system of engine and transmission, in German “Kompakt”, and this is why the letter K became the identifier of the new series.
Two variants were envisaged: a 987 cc four-cylinder with 90 HP, and a 740 cc three-cylinder with 75 HP, both with a long stroke, two valves per cylinder, and DOHC distribution. The new layout has several interesting features. First, before the BMW Ks, all motorcycle engines had always been substantially symmetrical because this automatically solves any transversal balancing problem. Instead, the new engine – called in Italian “sogliola”, i.e., “sole”, like the fish that lies on its side – is asymmetrical and is also unbalanced because the crankshaft weighs more than all the rest, which is why it protrudes more to the left than to the right.
Another notable feature of the K mechanical scheme is the fact that, unlike the Moto Guzzi boxer and V2 engines of the time that also had a longitudinal crankshaft, the bike does not tend to roll in the opposite direction to the crankshaft rotation when accelerating. This is thanks to the fact that the alternator and the clutch rotate in the opposite direction with respect to the crankshaft and therefore compensate for its overturning torque. However, this is not an absolute first – a similar scheme was already present since 1975 on the Honda Gold Wings.
Once the overturning torque problem has been solved, the longitudinal arrangement of the crankshaft offers an interesting advantage: It increases the handling of the bike when cornering compared to the classic arrangement. In fact, on “normal” motorbikes, the crankshaft that is placed transversally and turns in the same direction as the wheels causes a particular gyroscopic precession effect when cornering which forces the motorbike to lean more than it should at the same speed and radius of trajectory, thus reducing its handling.
The new K series introduced several other interesting features. First, the engine has a load-bearing function, as it supports the single-sided swingarm and constitutes the lower stressed element of an original trellis frame. Furthermore, for the first time on a BMW, an electronic injection system was adopted, borrowed from the car engines of the House.
When it was presented in 1983, the new K100 left everyone speechless. Very different from other BMWs, it didn’t even look like any competitor bike. Its unmistakable mechanics were also left in full view in the faired versions, and the union between the square-shaped engine – hence the English nickname “flying brick” – and the modern and elegant lines was something decidedly unique.
However, the birth of the K series was experienced as a real shock by the more traditionalist customers – that is, the vast majority – taken by the terror that such a thing would lead to the end of the R series with its boxer engine. BMW therefore had to hurry to point out that the K series would never supplant the traditional models; and, in fact, the Rs have never disappeared from the price list and still make up the bulk of the company’s sales today.
From the outset, several models with the same mechanics were envisaged. The naked K100 was the first to be presented, followed by the sport-tourer K100RS, which with its slim fairing was the fastest of the series – 220 km/h despite only 90 HP – but also offered excellent aerodynamic protection and not by chance became the best-selling version.
This was followed in 1984 by the K100RT tourer, characterized by its large and square fairing, and in 1986 by its luxury version K100LT.
In 1985, the K75C and K 75S were presented, equipped with the 740 cc 3-cylinder engine with 75 HP. The first was a naked with flyscreen and rear drum brake, while the second had a sporty half-fairing and the rear rotor of the K100. In 1986, the K75C lost its flyscreen and took the name of K75; while in 1989, the K75RT tourer was added with a full fairing like that of the K100RT. This series remained on the list until 1996 without significant changes and has always been highly appreciated for its good performance, lower fuel consumption compared to the K100, and the lower level of vibrations, effectively damped by the special counterweights positioned on the primary transmission shaft.
Evolution of the Flying Bricks
For over a decade the Ks have evolved steadily, but without upheaval. Particularly important was 1988, the year in which the world’s first motorcycle ABS was offered as an option on the K Series and the K1 was born. Supplied only in a single-seater configuration and characterized by an extremely aerodynamic fairing and all-too-flashy colors – it looked more like the work of a German tuner with tacky tastes than a renowned luxury motorcycle manufacturer – this unusual bike was equipped with more effective brakes, radial tires, Paralever double wishbone rear suspension – borrowed from the R80/100GS and able to avoid the lifting of the rear axle under acceleration induced by the shaft drive – and a new 100 HP 16-valve engine which allowed to reach 240 km/h, thanks to the exceptional aerodynamics. All these innovations were later extended to the other K100s as well.
In 1991, the K1100LT luxury tourer appeared, and in 1992, the K1100RS sport tourer, both marginally revised in the fairing and with an engine increased to 1093 cc for greater torque, and the standard 100 HP which was the maximum limit allowed by German law. On that occasion, the naked version disappeared from the price list.
A very important turning point came in 1996 when the K1100RS sport tourer was replaced by the K1200RS. Characterized by a new full fairing with Junoesque features, it retained the Flying Brick engine and Paralever single-sided swingarm layout, but it was otherwise a completely new beast. The engine, with many modified components, was increased to 1171 cc with 130 HP. The maximum speed therefore jumped to 250 kph and this made it necessary to abandon the trellis frame in favor of a magnificent light alloy frame produced by the Italian specialist Verlicchi, with which the engine lost its function of stressed member and gained assembly on silent blocks. Furthermore, the Telelever anti-dive front suspension, already introduced in 1993 on the R series, made its appearance. Thanks to these innovations, the K became a very fast Autobahn cruiser, capable of crossing the continent in a few hours with unparalleled steering precision even at maximum speeds and an extraordinary level of comfort – at the price, however, of a 285 kg curb weight compared to just 249 kg for the K100RS.
In 1999, the K1100LT luxury tourer was replaced by the K1200LT, based on the same mechanics as the K1200RS but with power reduced to 98 HP for greater torque. Characteristics of this model were the enormous fairing with elegant and sinuous lines, an endless supply of accessories, and the electric reverse gear, essential for maneuvering its 378 kg curb weight.
In 2001, the Ks were equipped with a new EVO braking system with 320 mm rotors and power brakes, in a semi-integral version on the K1200RS sport tourer – which received a slight facelift for the occasion – and totally integral on the luxurious K1200LT.
In 2003, the K1200RS was joined by a slightly more touristic version, called K1200GT and characterized by more elegant colors, aerodynamic extensions to better protect the rider, and a richer set of standard accessories that included two side cases.
In the same period, the K1200LT was updated aesthetically, in the range of accessories – among which even an electric central stand appeared – and in engine power which increased to 116 HP.
The Transverse Revolution
In July 2004, the K1200S was presented. Despite the presence of the letter K, this sport tourer, a significantly slimmer and sportier sport tourer than the K1200RS, ushered in a completely new series. It still features a four-cylinder in-line and final shaft drive, but the new 1157 cc engine is arranged transversally, has the cylinders inclined forward 55° from the vertical to keep low center of gravity, and delivers a whopping 167 HP. The new arrangement requires the presence of a second bevel gear at the gearbox outlet but allows the cylinder bore to be increased without having to lengthen the wheelbase excessively, so as to obtain an oversquare engine with sporting characteristics, and to adopt more efficient intake and exhaust flows essential to reach the requested power.
The chassis is based on a double beam and open cradle frame in light alloy, with the engine acting as the stressed member, and features a deeply revised Paralever rear suspension and a new double wishbone anti-dive front suspension called Duolever.
With a weight reduced to 248 kg – practically equal to that of the first K100RS – the S exceeds 275 km/h, allows you to travel with space and comfort comparable to the previous K1200RS, but at the same time offers a decidedly more dynamic and sporty ride and allows the rider to have fun even on the track.
The S was followed by the K1200R, which due to its post-apocalyptic air was chosen as Milla Jovovich’s mount in the film Resident Evil 3, and the 152 HP K1200GT tourer, which despite having the same name as the previous K1200GT Flying Brick, ranks quite above it in size, passenger and luggage space, comfort, and performance.
In late 2006, all transverse engine Ks were equipped with a new integral braking system without boosters – the old one had given reliability problems with potential safety implications. On this occasion, the elegant K1200R Sport was also introduced, based on the naked version but equipped with a slim and effective half-fairing.
At the end of 2008, a slight restyling and a name change marked the introduction of a new 1301 cc engine, with power increased to 175 HP for the K1300R and S and to 160 HP for the K1300GT. Te R Sport version was not updated and disappeared from the list.
2010 saw the birth of the K1600. Essentially based on the same mechanical layout as the K1300 but with a more elegant look, this bike boasts a sensational 1649 cc in-line six-cylinder engine with 160 HP, a whopping 175 Nm of maximum torque, and new and extremely sophisticated driving control electronics derived from that of the 2009 S1000RR super sports bike. Everyone expected that this new flagship would replace the now obsolete K1200LT still on the price list, so the surprise was great when it was discovered that the bike was offered in two rather different versions: K1600GTL and K1600GT, the latter replacing the K1300GT that was on the market for less than two years, thus causing the most solemn collective rage in the history of motorcycling.
Both models, object of our test (link, Italian only), have been updated several times over the years and in 2017, they were joined by the K1600B with a more slender, bagger-style line (link to our test in English).
At the end of 2021, the K1600s underwent a particularly pronounced facelift, highlighted by the new LED front light unit. On that occasion, the K1600 Grand America was introduced, a version of the K1600B with more accessories and equipped with a topcase.
The K1300R was taken off the list in 2015, in fact replaced long before by the hypernaked S1000R (link to our test in English), while the sport tourer K1300S left the field in 2016 without heirs – even outside BMW – throwing its many admirers into despair, including myself. The truth is that motorcyclists had long before decided that crossovers are super cool and that sport tourers are history. How we motorcyclist, the most conservative sect in the world after the Ku-Klux-Klan, could have given birth to such a stupidly revolutionary choice remains an insoluble mystery to me.
Note: the article is written for countries with a right-hand side road system. If you live in a country with a left-hand side road system, please swap left and right accordingly.
Utility of trajectories
Proper motorcycle trajectories are the most important concept for safe driving and what most differentiates those who really know how to ride a motorcycle from those who think they know. In fact, good trajectory technique allows you to enormously increase your safety margins and effectiveness, thanks to the following advantages.
Keeps you away from dangers: oncoming traffic; traffic coming from side streets; vehicles that want to pass; dirt on the outer edge of curves; people, objects, and animals on the road.
When cornering, it allows you to lean less at the same speed ― or to go faster at the same lean angle ― compared to those who follow non-optimal trajectories.
Eliminates the need for useless corrective maneuvers, i.e., those due to setting errors.
It allows you to manage unexpected events on the road with maximum efficiency and safety, such as curves with a decreasing radius and unexpected curves in general, and therefore allows safer, faster, and more relaxed driving on unfamiliar roads.
In fact, there is no universal trajectory that is valid in all circumstances because, even with the same route, a trajectory can vary according to the type of road, the traffic, and the speed at which one is travelling. In my previous books and webinars, I have described a long series of cases rather than defining the general rules. Obviously, I could not be satisfied with this state of affairs: It had to be possible to arrive at general principles. Thinking about it again, I believe I’ve finally managed to distill the definitive rules for building any trajectory, and these are the subject of this article.
General rules for the position to hold on the road
Before talking about cornering trajectories, it is advisable to clarify some fundamental rules that must always be respected when traveling on the road.
A) Travel in the center of your lane
Except for the special cases described below, the general rule is to travel in the center of the correct lane, which is usually on the right, but please conform to your local regulations. This keeps us away from dangers on both sides, prevents faster riders from trying to overtake us in our same lane, and doesn’t force them to pass in an eventual right lane, which is illegal in some countries.
B) Allow enough room when you pass
Keep a safe side distance ― even changing lanes, whenever possible ― from other moving vehicles, especially wobbling bikes, and from people or animals, which could suddenly move sideways.
This is also true for oncoming vehicles that veer over into our lane, or even threaten to do so, if they are likely to overtake a pedestrian, a slow-moving vehicle, or any obstacle in their lane.
C) Travel far from parked vehicles
Keep a safe distance from parked vehicles to avoid a suddenly opened door, and from side roads and driveways to avoid the nose of a vehicle suddenly jutting a bit into the lane so the driver can see who might be coming ― which could be us!
D) Do not pass in messy situations
Even if you do not cross the center solid line, do not pass if you are before or in any intersection either with or without a traffic light, a busy driveway, or a pedestrian crossing because the vehicle being passed could turn, or another vehicle or a pedestrian could pop out from any side.
This rule also applies before or at service stations on two-way roads, which are, for all intents and purposes, considered to be intersections.
E) Use the oncoming lane only when it is safe
Passing that requires use of the oncoming lane should be done only when there is sufficient visibility and space and must be completed in the shortest time and space possible, for obvious reasons,.
F) Never lean into the oncoming lane
In left turns on two-way roads, keep the wheels at a distance from the center line such as to avoid even partially leaning into the oncoming lane, even if you have a clear view and nobody seems to be coming. In this way, you build a good habit and never need a sudden swerve when a vehicle actually comes.
G) Keep to your side on narrow two-way roads
If the road is two-way and is so narrow that it does not allow vehicles to cross easily, travel as close as possible to the right-hand edge, strictly avoiding dirt on the edge in left-hand curves.
Rules for cornering on the road
Without prejudice to all the general rules listed above, the rules for building safe and effective trajectories when cornering are as follows.
1) Choose the latest possible apex
At the beginning of each bend, set a trajectory such as to approach progressively and as closely as possible the inner edge (in left-hand bends, general rule F is obviously taken into account) which should be reached as close as possible to the end of the bend or, if it is reached before, must be maintained until the end of it.
This is THE RULE. It is essential because it allows you:
to be in the best position if entering into a subsequent curve in the opposite direction;
to be in the best position if the curve unexpectedly becomes tighter;
in right-hand bends, to maximize your distance from any oncoming vehicles that cross the center line.
It is a very serious mistake if your wheels do not approach the margin or, worse, move away from it while cornering because all the advantages listed above are lost, thus the risk of falls and collisions is enormously increased.
2) Start the curve near the outside edge only when useful
If the pace is such that you have to slow down to go through the curve and/or the curve is blind, you can use the width of your lane to widen out and start the curve near the outside edge.
In addition to the previous rules, this one brings the following particular advantages:
It increases the radius of the trajectory traveled and therefore reduces the lean angle at the same speed, or allows a higher speed at the same lean angle;
It allows you to see farther in blind turns.
However, if there are no needs due to speed or visibility, this trajectory doesn’t make much sense because it only causes you to waste time and space without any advantage in return.
3) Allow yourself to widen the end of the curve only when useful
Only if the bend is followed by a straightaway or a subsequent right-hand bend at a short distance can the lane width be used to accelerate and widen before the end of the bend.
If circumstances permit, this rule allows a further increase in the radius of the trajectory traveled and therefore a higher speed out of corners. But be careful: Widening out must always be our choice and not something you are forced to do because you have set a wrong trajectory. If you go wide unintentionally, you have violated rule 1., therefore you lose all the advantages listed above and expose yourself to serious safety risks.
In the last twenty years, I have driven every BMW R-series that was ever on the market. As is well known, these are the models equipped with the boxer two cylinders engine, a real trademark of the German company, produced in its ever more advanced variants without interruption from 1923 to today. They are all excellent bikes and, although they have many characteristics in common, they are quite different from each other in terms of aesthetics, intended use, weight, and performance. My favorites are the R (“Roadster”) and RS (“Reise-Sport”, “sporty travel”), the sportiest of the family, snappy and rather easy to handle, but also suitable for touring, thanks to the good comfort and well-integrated suitcases. The GS standard and Adventure (“Gelände-Strasse”, “inland-offroad”) are also excellent, multi-purpose, very comfortable, and equipped with huge suitcases, but also very effective on twisty roads.
And then there’s the RT. Aesthetically, it is is round like a matron, more rounded than any other faired bike, and protects you at the sides with cylinders, mirrors, and bags, all nearly a meter wide. My first BMW was just an RT, to be precise a R1150RT, bought new in 2001. It was named “Ursula”, a perfectly fitting name chosen by my ex-wife, because it was “Junoesque and Teutonic”. RT stands for “Reise-Tourer”, “tourist travel”, in case you don’t understand what the purpose of this bike is. The acronym was born in the late ’70s with the R100RT; but, as far as I’m concerned, the first real RT was the 1996 R1100RT: gigantic and equipped with a four-valve engine, Telelever suspension at the front, and Paralever at the rear, total fairing, and mirrors that act as handguards. This last feature was one that fascinated German engineers who are always attracted by platonic ideas that then suffer the impact of reality: In every RT series, the ‘protective’ mirrors mainly reflected the rider’s knuckles!
All these characteristics have remained in each of the following series: 1150, air-cooled 1200 in its single and twin cam variants, water-cooled 1200, up to the current 1250. An evolution of admirable consistency in which each model improves on the previous one in all respects without ever betraying the philosophy of the project. This is why I refer to the RT as if it were a single bike that has evolved over time.
Its sumptuous graces envelop you in a bubble of almost stationary air even at the highest speeds, provided you find the right position of its large windshield, electrically adjustable down to the millimeter with a button within reach of your thumb. A few centimeters lower and the air hits your face like on a cheap naked; a bit higher and the turbulence pushes your torso forward and slaps the passenger.
Given the aesthetic premises, it is not surprising that the RT is comfortable, indeed very comfortable on long journeys. This is because, in addition to the maxi fairing, it is equipped with large, soft seats and increasingly numerous accessories that pamper the rider and passenger beyond belief: radio; separately-heated grips and saddles for rider and passenger; electro-assisted shifting; a radar-assisted active cruise control from last year; and an ever more improved soft suspension which, over time, has become electrically adjustable and finally semi-adaptive, reaching an almost absolute perfection.
And all this is combined with respectable dynamic capabilities. Yes, because with the RT, in any of its incarnations, you can race on the motorway as if on the tracks, swerve surprisingly in the city and on narrow twisty roads, lean brilliantly thanks to a thoroughbred sports bike ground clearance, brake confidentally even while descending an Alpine pass and pass other vehicles with breathtaking quickness thanks to torque-rich engines, which have evolved over the years from 90 HP and 95 Nm of the 1100 to 136 HP and 143 Nm of the 1250, a value worthy of a tugboat, bested only by monsters like the BMW K1600, Honda Goldwing, and Triumph Rocket 3.
In short, the total road bike? Yes, it really is. It does pretty much everything very well. But I can’t stand it. Not surprisingly, after two-and-a-half years and 60,000 km, I switched to the first of a long series of four-cylinder Ks – seven in all, three “flying bricks” and four “frontline”. The reason I can’t stand the RT is trivial, but decisive: it vibrates. Hoping that it was a matter that could be solved with technological progress, every time a new version came out, I ran to try it with enthusiasm. Every time, I appreciated its aesthetics, accessories, and magnificent construction. And every time, my enthusiasm invariably turned into disappointment for the only, true, huge defect that this bike has: it vibrates.
Let’s be clear: The Boxer is a great engine which, in its most recent versions, has become a beast with powerful torque and more than adequate power. But improved as it is, it is still a twin-cylinder and vibrates as such; not like it used to, of course, but it vibrates always and in any case. When starting, it shakes the whole bike; at idle, it makes the windshield wobble; in motion, the handgrips and footrests always quiver; and, if you open the throttle below 3,000-3,500 rpm, the pull is powerful and regular, but the bike is entirely shaken by a brutal trembling which completely obscures the view from the mirrors. And that goes for the whole series. The 1100 was a drama—with only 5 gears on the motorway, it looked like a jackhammer. Then came the sixth, and continuously improved balancing shafts were added; but the engine capacity also increased and the substance hasn’t changed.
As if that weren’t enough, the Boxer also has an unsexy sound, even if they try to make it sportier with increasingly open Akrapoviç exhausts, which are particularly annoying on this bike, since the almost total abolition of aerodynamic noise due to the super fairing brings out the exhaust noise. Let’s face it: If a Ducati or a Guzzi passes, all those who have a minimum of motorcycle blood in their veins turn their heads in fascination; but if a BMW with Boxer passes, the only ones who turn their heads are the current or aspiring BMW owners.
The bizarre thing about this is that I find the Boxer perfectly acceptable on the GS and also on the R and RS road bikes; it’s only on the RT that I just can’t stand it. Every time I sit on it, I feel as if I’m entering a 5 Series: pampered by a sumptuous and refined interior, I close the door and I magically find myself in a leather-scented bubble of muffled silence; I turn on the ignition and the extremely elegant instrumentation comes to life, the lights dim smoothly, the air conditioning starts silently and discreetly.
And then I press the start button—and everything starts to vibrate and the magic suddenly disappears.
Well, I can’t stand the RT because, for all its opulence and sophistication, its automotive-flavored gadgets, and regal welcome, I instinctively expect a smooth, fluid, sexy engine to come to life when cranked up, not a giant version of a Citroën 2CV engine —powerful, yes, but in an unbearably rustic range compared to the class of the bike. I’ve been working on this thing for 20 years, trying to convince myself I’m wrong. My rational part knows that it’s a great bike, but my instinct feels mocked and makes me hate it.
I’m not saying that I would like it with the six cylinders; for that, there is already the magnificent K1600, which however involves at least 50 kg more to swing through traffic. But the RT deserves a four-cylinder, like all its competitors. In a certain sense, the case of the RT resembles that of the KTM 690. Its single-cylinder engine, for a long time the workhorse of the Austrian maker, had reached a level considerably higher than that of any competitor over the years; it went very fast and vibrated very little for a thumper. But always a thumper it remained and, as far as it could be perfected, it vibrated more than its twin-cylinder competitors. The Austrians eventually understood this and developed the twin-cylinder engine that, fitted on the 790 and 890, gave birth to two extraordinary bikes, unbeatable in their category.
Think what an RT with a four-cylinder boxer engine could be. BMW, what are you waiting for?
For those who don’t know me: I’ve never been a Guzzi lover. I have obviously known the Mandello manufacturer for a lifetime―I even drove past it last summer―and I have always vaguely known that it is a manufacturer with a great past and a present full of nostalgia. The first short test I did on the Mandello a few weeks ago (link to video―in Italian) really impressed me, so I organized a more in-depth test. In preparing the review, I dug into the history of this brand a bit and, I must say, I was fascinated by it. This road test has therefore turned into a veritable little monograph in which I not only describe how the V100 performs, but also how it was created, and what it means for Moto Guzzi.
A Bit of History
Carlo Guzzi, born in 1889, belonged to a wealthy Milanese family. A passionate motorcyclist with a sanguine character and not very suitable for educational institutions, he never even managed to graduate, but he had very clear ideas. When his father died prematurely in 1906, the family sold the apartment in the city and moved to the holiday villa in Mandello on Lake Como where the young man found work in a mechanical workshop. At the outbreak of the Great War, he was enlisted as an engine mechanic in what was then known as the Servizio Aeronautico della Regia Marina (Aeronautical Service of the Royal Navy) and, after discovering that aircraft engines were far more advanced, powerful and reliable than those used on land vehicles, he was struck by the idea of creating a motorcycle with a similar power unit. With his enthusiasm, he dragged two fellow pilots into the enterprise, Giorgio Parodi and Giovanni Ravelli, chosen not only as passionate motorcyclists, but also because the former was a member of a family of entrepreneurs, while the latter was a test pilot and successful motorcycle racer, known as the Italian Devil. After the war, Ravelli died during a test flight, but his friends continued with the motorcycle project. Parodi asked for funding from his father Emanuele Vittorio, a well-known Genoese shipowner, who immediately agreed to advance half of the requested sum but wanted to see the finished motorcycle with his own eyes before giving the other half. Guzzi immediately set to work with commitment, with calculations done by his elder brother Giuseppe, an engineer, and already in 1919 the G.P. 500 (Guzzi-Parodi) was born.
This bike was so advanced―it featured a double spark, oversquare single cylinder engine with four valves and overhead camshaft driven by a bevel gear shaft!―that Parodi’s father, Emanuele Vittorio, agreed to finance its production, but only on condition that the mechanics were simplified to make it easier to produce and sell. Guzzi must have mulled it over a bit, but in the end he gave in. From the G.P. he drew the Normale―note the slight polemical vein―equipped with a standard two-valve timing with pushrod and rocker arm. In 1921 he set up the Società Anonima Moto Guzzi with the two Parodis―and two other partners wanted by them―who very chivalrously, as ‘merely financiers’ of the business, renounced the inclusion of their own name in the company name. In honor of their deceased friend Ravelli and to show their common military bond, the Eagle was chosen as the logo, it being on the coat of arms of the Navy aviators.
Speaking of the foundation, the official website of the House states that Moto Guzzi “is the oldest motorcycle manufacturer in Europe”; but, in reality, this is not entirely true. Triumph, born in 1884 as a bicycle factory, had already started building motorized bicycles in 1902 and built its first real motorcycle in 1915. However, the English brand went bankrupt in 1985, to reopen under new ownership and company name in 1990 while Moto Guzzi, which also went through various and even complicated corporate events in its long history, never went bankrupt or stopped production.
Giorgio Parodi, who would alternate the management of the company with his commitments as a military aviator until his death in 1955, wanted to spare no expense to achieve success in competitions. He realized its potential as an advertising tool, so much so that he destined the first two Normale for them. The successes soon became a distinctive element of the Mandello company which, between 1923 and 1957, collected over 3,300 victories in official sporting competitions. With such results, Moto Guzzi soon became the symbol par excellence of sportiness and modernity, and achieved ever greater success in Italy and abroad, so much so that in 1930 it became the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Europe. The drive for innovation was evident in everything: Just think, among other things, of the unforgettable racing GP500 with V8 engine and gear-driven camshafts from 1955, designed by Eng. Giulio Cesare Carcano; or the wind tunnel, strongly desired by the Guzzi brothers, built in 1950 and inaugurated in 1954―the first in the world by a motorcycle manufacturer and the first ever in Europe.
This success story took a sudden and fundamental turn in 1957 when the main Italian motorcycle manufacturers―Moto Guzzi, Gilera, FB Mondial, and MV Agusta (which eventually changed its mind)―announced their agreement to jointly abstain from sporting competitions. The decision was taken on the basis of the launch of the Fiat 600 automobile in 1955 and the 500 in 1957, whose affordable prices kicked off the automobile boom in Italy. This would certainly have caused a strong contraction in the sales of motorcycles, which until then had been the only motor vehicles that Italian families had been able to afford; therefore the three manufacturers deemed it necessary to save the considerable costs associated with the races in order to reduce prices and improve retail competitiveness. Initially, thanks to this tactic, motorcycle registrations in Italy actually continued to grow from 251,000 units in 1957 to 283,000 in 1961; but from there, they began to fall inexorably to the dramatic minimum of 55,000 units in 1970. At the same time, however, the average income of the population was increasing, so a growing number of enthusiasts began to think of the motorcycle as a great toy to have fun with in their spare time. Motorcycle sales therefore began to recover; but this new audience favored even more models that won races, so Moto Guzzi found itself caught off guard, thus leaving the door open to increasingly fierce Japanese competition.
After the death of Carlo Guzzi in 1964, the House continued to innovate production and in 1965, the brand new V7 was launched, equipped with a 700 cc transverse 90° V2 with pushrod and rocker arms and cardan shaft designed by Carcano―already author of the V8―which over the years would become the basis for a myriad of variants with even much higher displacement and is still the quintessential symbol of Mandello motorcycles. But the accounts didn’t stop getting worse, so the company was sold in 1967 to the creditor banks, which set up the SEIMM (Società Esercizio Industrie Moto Meccaniche) to manage it. During this period, Eng. Lino Tonti, coming from aeronautics and taking over from Carcano, modified the V7 to beat the speed record of its class on the track. The enterprise succeeded, but the bike was heavy and not suitable for racing, so Tonti made the much lighter V7 Sport out of it in 1971. This marked the return of Moto Guzzi to competitions, with good successes at the 500 km of Monza and at the Bol d’Or. This extraordinary and iconic motorcycle, with its particularly close-fitting and modular, straight-tubes frame, initially painted red to highlight its novelty, beat the 4-cylinder Japanese competitors for performance and outstanding chassis.
Unfortunately, however, the V7 Sport costed one-and-a-half times the price of a Honda 750, so it didn’t solve the company’s economic problems.
In 1973, Moto Guzzi suffered the setback of being taken over by its enemy Benelli, part of Alejandro De Tomaso’s industrial group. As was his habit, the Argentine entrepreneur immediately launched a bombastic renewal plan based on the rapid development―usually at the expense of reliability―of numerous new models; but, being convinced that it was necessary to imitate the Japanese models in order to relaunch the brand, he abandoned again racing and development of what would later become the 850 Le Mans, and placed the Eagle logo on the tank of in-line four-cylinder Benelli motorcycles. Unfortunately, this strategy was disastrous for sales, so De Tomaso returned to focus again on the V7 Sport, which among other things was updated with integral braking, and he restarted the Le Mans project, set new models, including the famous California cruiser, and launched a new V2 (called small block to distinguish it from its older brother) designed by Tonti and inaugurated with the 1977 V35 and V50.
However, the accounts continued to go badly. During this troubled period, Moto Guzzi went through various mergers and acquisitions until it was sold in 2000 to Ivano Beggio, owner of Aprilia. He was moved by love for Mandello’s creatures and had the best of intentions, but the purchase helped undermine his financial stability and, in the end, he was forced in 2004 to sell both brands to the Piaggio group.
With the new management that is still ongoing today, Moto Guzzi started a phase of recovery. The new Breva V1100, Norge, Griso, and the maxi-enduro Stelvio, although based on evolutions of the old Carcano big block, were basically modern bikes that were certainly equal to their direct competitors, i.e., the BMW R with boxer engine; and this was thanks to the new Ca.R.C. (Cardano Reattivo Compatto), a double wishbone rear suspension, especially in the version with the 1200 8V engine, 4 valves per cylinder with overhead camshaft. However, their good commercial career ended between 2011 and 2016 with no model ready to replace them. The imposing and splendid 2012 California 1400 cruiser was never rewarded by sales and disappeared from price lists in 2020, so Moto Guzzi’s fortunes rested for many years largely on the shoulders of only two models: the eternal Nevada medium cruiser, which left the scene in 2016; and above all the 2008 V7 Classic. Declaredly inspired by the 1971 V7 Sport, this naked was essentially a retro version of the first series Breva―set up in the Beggio era―and as such it lacked the Ca.R.C. suspension and had the same sleepy 750cc 48bhp small block. It was a bike suited more to a turn-ups and aperitif hipster clientele than to the hard core Eagle aficionados; but that audience liked it and still does, and so we must be grateful to it because, without it, Moto Guzzi would probably have become extinct.
The 2017 V9 cruiser (equipped with a slightly modernized 850 cc and 55 HP small block that also had ride-by-wire) and especially the later and particularly well-made 2019 V85TT crossover (also with an 850 cc engine but further improved with titanium intake valves and 76 HP) won’t go down in history as signposts of technology, but they did help the V7 bring oxygen to Mandello’s coffers and allowed the technicians to work―in secret―on a new model to relaunch the Eagle, that was unveiled a few months after the centenary of the founding of Moto Guzzi with this September 2021 video.
After a gestation also delayed by the pandemic, the V100 Mandello was finally born―a totally new motorcycle with which Moto Guzzi has rediscovered its original DNA as a manufacturer of innovative sports motorcycles. I analyzed it thoroughly and I will tell you everything I discovered.
How It Is
Appearance
The look of the V100 is 100% Moto Guzzi because it clearly recalls some models from the past, reproducing the general look and various stylistic elements but, at the same time, it is very modern―to see it in the showroom next to the others models of the current range, it looks like an F35 in the midst of biplanes. It is characterized by a slim fairing culminating in a small windshield and therefore stands halfway between a naked and a sport tourer, a solution already seen in the past on, for example, the excellent Yamaha TDM. Obviously, the novelty of the line and the unconventional choice of the general setting did not fail to divide the most traditionalist category of mankind―yes, we motorcyclists―into total enthusiasts and perplexed critics. The comments of the latter range from “it’s too modern” to “they could have been more daring” passing through “it’s neither fish nor fowl” to “you can’t look at it”, and I really think that the design and marketing offices are doing a pretty tough job.
I like it a lot, both for the design itself, which is innovative and non-trivial, and because it immediately reminded me of models that I loved a lot when I was a boy, such as the 850 Le Mans III and the V35 Imola. Among the various details, I find very beautiful the horizontal full LED front light equipped with the by-now-classic running/daylight in the shape of a stylized eagle, the double-circle askew taillight similar to that of the V85TT, the short exhaust that leaves the beautiful rear rim in full view, the rounded and typically Moto Guzzi connection between the tank and saddle, and the passenger handles open at the rear. The refined design, the quality of the construction and the components, and the perfect integration of all the details are striking: Nothing is out of place and, on the whole, conveys a satisfying sensation of precision and solidity, even better than the already remarkable one of the California 1400s.
The bike is equipped as standard with a refined, electrically-controlled windscreen, of which a larger version is also available; and with the innovative adaptive aerodynamics consisting of two deflectors which, thanks to two electric motors, retract into the tank fairing when the ignition is off and emerge again upon ignition to increase protection of the legs. It is an absolute first which, not surprisingly, comes from a company that has 70 years of experience in aerodynamics. The only similar thing I know of are the flaps installed on the fairing sides of the BMW K1600 and the old K1200LT which, however, are manually adjustable.
Versions & Accessories
The bike is available in two versions, standard and S, which are distinguished by the equipment and color. The standard can be white―very beautiful in my opinion―or metallic red; while the S is supplied in two metallic two-tone pleasant liveries, one gray and green and the other in two shades of grey. There is also a special Aviazione Navale version, made in 1913 specimens―like the year of birth of the Corps in which the founders of Moto Guzzi served―and characterized by a beautiful gray livery with badges and details inspired by the fighters on board.
The standard version is equipped as follows:
full LED lighting system with daylight
corner lights
cornering ABS
traction control
cruise control
riding modes
5″ color TFT display
adaptive aerodynamics
electrically adjustable windshield
USB socket under the passenger seat
The special Naval Aviation version also includes:
tire pressure monitoring
heated grips
laser engraved serial number on handlebar riser
commemorative plaque
dedicated motorcycle cover.
The S version includes all the standard version accessories and the following:
Öhlins Smart EC 2.0 adaptive suspension
tire pressure monitoring
heated grips
quickshifter with auto-blipper
Moto Guzzi MIA connectivity system, fully compatible with Android and iPhone.
The following accessories are available in aftermarket.
Only for the standard version:
tire pressure monitoring (standard on Naval Aviation)
heated grips (standard on Naval Aviation)
bidirectional quickshifter
Moto Guzzi MIA connectivity system
For all versions:
side cases
luggage rack
top case
central stand
Theft Protection
fog lights
Touring enlarged windshield
additional USB socket on the left of the dashboard
paramotor
headguard
comfort heated high-, medium-, or low-seat
passenger comfort seat.
The V100 is also ready to be equipped with the LCDAS system, i.e., the radar which signals the presence of objects in the rear blind spots by means of a danger symbol on the corresponding mirror and an orange area on the corresponding lower side of the instrument panel. This accessory cannot be ordered at the moment, but Guzzi promises that it will be available soon.
The sample tested was in the standard version which, in any case, already offers many accessories as standard.
Chassis
The V100 is all new and has practically no element in common with the other Guzzis. The frame is steel tubing, with the engine participating as a stressed member. The fork has upside-down stems, while at the rear there is a simple and elegant single-sided aluminum swingarm hinged directly to the engine with a lateral single shock absorber suitably inclined forward so as to ensure progressive springing without having to resort to kinematic mechanisms. The cardan shaft is housed in the single arm which, unlike on the other Moto Guzzis, is on the left and with characteristics―as we will see in the paragraph on the transmission―that have made it possible to eliminate the need for the Ca.R.C. double wishbone.
The standard version mounts Kayaba suspension, with a 41 mm fork adjustable in preload and rebound and mono as well adjustable in preload―by means of a particularly soft and well positioned knob―and in rebound. The S, on the other hand, is equipped with Öhlins adaptive suspension―43 mm Smart EC 2.0 fork and Smart TTX EC 2.0 shock absorber. Both are electrically adjustable in compression and rebound, while rear preload adjustment is always done manually with a knob. Some might not like this feature, but it offers the advantage of being able to fine-tune the adjustment based on the weight of the rider and passenger, rather than having to endure the limits of the predefined presets that the electrically-adjustable systems usually offer. In reality, it is also possible to adjust the front one, but the manufacturer recommends not touching it.
The bike has a kerb weigh of 233 kg with a full tank of 17 liters, and its main chassis dimensions are as follows:
front travel 130 mm
rear travel 130 mm
wheelbase 1,475 mm
trail 104 mm
rake 24.7°.
The measures are those that one would expect from a tourist with sporting ambitions. The value of the wheelbase is interesting, on average shorter than most other Moto Guzzis.
The wheels are alloy with tubeless tires in the usual sizes: 120/70 ZR 17 on a 3.5 x 17″ rim at the front and 190/55 ZR 17 on a 6 x 17″ rim. The specimen tested was equipped with Pirelli Angel GT II tires, perfect for this kind of bike.
Engine
The V100 engine retains the classic transverse 90° V-cylinder layout, but otherwise has nothing to do with what was seen previously in Mandello. Characterized by a particularly modern design, it is liquid-cooled and controlled by a ride-by-wire system, has four valves per cylinder distribution with double overhead camshaft and small finger rocker arms, and has the heads rotated 90° with respect to its predecessors. Intake and exhaust are now located respectively above and below the cylinders instead of behind and in front―similar to what BMW did on the liquid-cooled boxers―to improve intake flows and increase the room available to the driver. It is equipped with a counter-rotating shaft to reduce the typical overturning torque of longitudinal shaft engines to almost zero; while the lubrication, defined as wet sump in the technical data sheet, is actually a semi-dry sump―a solution already seen on the V85TT―because the oil sump, placed in the crankcase anyway, communicates with the crank chamber only through a reed valve. In this way, lubrication on strong accelerations is improved and the formation of foam in the engine is reduced, creating a slight advantage in efficiency and therefore in consumption. The very rational design has made it possible to obtain a crankcase about 10 cm shorter than the V85TT’s small block despite the larger engine capacity, and this ensures greater roominess with the heads well away from the drover’s knees, and allows for the simplification of the swingarm seen above.
With a displacement of 1,043 cc―bore and stroke are 96 and 72 mm respectively―maximum power is 115 HP at 8,700 rpm with the limiter set at 9,500 rpm, making the Mandello the most powerful production bike in the history of Moto Guzzi; while the maximum torque, which has a peak of 105 Nm at 6,750 rpm, is high above all at medium-low revs―at 3,500 rpm 86 Nm are already available and at 5,500 there are 100―and in any case it has a very regular trend along the whole arc of use.
Trasmission
The gearbox, while using some features introduced on the V85TT to improve maneuverability, is all new and for the first time at Moto Guzzi―only on the S version and as standard―a quickshifter with auto-blipper is available. The latter can be deactivated via the menus, which is a very good thing because it allows the pilot to have fun blipping the gas when downshifting, which would be prevented by the somewhat obtuse logic of these systems.
The gear ratios are as follows:
Gear
Ratio
Primary reduction
1.548
1st
2.642
2nd
1.941
3rd
1.550
4th
1.272
5th
1.083
6th
0.960
Final reduction
3.166
The speeds at 1,000 rpm and when the engine begins to pull vigorously and express maximum power are as follows.
Gear
Speed @ 1,000 rpm
Speed @ 4,000 rpm
Speed @ 8,700 rpm
1st
9.3
37.3
81.2
2nd
12.7
50.8
110.5
3rd
15.9
63.6
138.3
4th
19.4
77.5
168.6
5th
22.8
91.0
198.0
6th
25.7
102.7
223.4
The very wide range of use and the relatively short ratios―the maximum speed practically coincides with the maximum power regime―make it possible to travel almost always in sixth gear with great smoothness, also with lower consumption.
The wet multi-plate slip clutch is also outside the classic Moto Guzzi schemes and is operated by a highly refined radial pump symmetrical to that of the front brake.
The transmission shaft has a single cardan joint at the gearbox outlet, as per the tradition of the House; and it is hinged lower than usual and is particularly long, possible only because of the remarkable compactness of the new engine. Thanks to these features, and despite the absence of the Ca.R.C double swingarm, the Moto Guzzi technicians have obtained a behavior similar to that of motorcycles with chain transmission―i.e., without extension of the suspension under acceleration.
Brakes
The V100 is equipped with two 320 mm front rotors with Brembo four-piston radial calipers actuated by a radial pump through steel braided pipes; while at the rear, there is a 280 mm rotor with Brembo two-piston floating caliper. The braking system is a standard two channel and ABS with cornering function that is standard on both versions.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
From the point of view of electronic driving aids, the Mandello is equipped as standard with a 6-axis inertial platform and offers the following functions in both versions:
Cornering ABS―anti-lock braking system with rear wheel lift control and Cornering function which reduces the initial braking power at the front when the motorcycle is leaning, and serves to limit as much as possible the effects of too abrupt an operation of the front brake when cornering
TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)― available only on the S version
MGQS (Moto Guzzi Quick Shifter)―quickshifter with auto-blipper, with the particularity[?peculiarity?] that the auto-blipper intervention can be deactivated from the menu
Cruise control
Riding modes―the four are: Sport, Road, Touring, and Rain; and they act on the following four systems:
MGCM (Moto Guzzi EngineControl)―system that varies engine delivery in relation to the position of the throttle
MGCT (Moto Guzzi TractionControl)―anti-skid system that takes into account the lean angle of the motorcycle
MGCA (Moto Guzzi Aerodynamics Control)―sets the operation of the flaps located on the sides of the tank, which can remain always closed or always open, or can swing open when a set speed is exceeded
MGCS (Moto Guzzi SuspensionControl)―only on the S version; it acts on the semi-active Öhlins suspension which provides the following modes:
Automatic Dynamic―the suspension automatically adapts to the route and driving style
Automatic Comfort―like the previous one, but softer
Manual Dynamic―suspension behaves as if it were non-adaptive
Manual Comfort―like the previous one, but softer.
Controls
The handlebar controls are classic, well made, and offer a nice feeling.
On the left block there are:
on the front side, the light switch, of the type that you pull to flash and push out to switch to high beam
the traditional-type control of the turning lights, equipped with automatic shut-off on movement, which occurs after 500 m or 40 s.
The button for the horn―the usual scooter-like sad thing, unfortunately almost universally widespread―placed correctly under the command of the turning lights (I hope they read me in Honda)
the four classic keys for navigating the menus, the left of which (Mode Set) is used only to confirm and the others to scroll through the menus
above, the standard cruise control slider which, after reading the manual―not because it’s complicated, but it’s different from the BMW system I’m used to―turns out to be very functional. Note that, unlike on other bikes, here it is not possible to interrupt the automatic adjustment by blipping the clutch because, to do this, you really have to pull it all the way. Always used to doing this (badly), I risked the sin of sodomy with a truck.
When cruise control is off, the same command can be used to change traction control settings on the fly from any screen.
The Mode Set key on the keypad also provides quick access to power windshield adjustment using the up and down navigation keys.
On the right block are:
the rational rocker button for engine start and kill switch
at the bottom, the key to change the riding mode
at the top, the button for switching between day and night lights―which in any case can be set as automatic using the menu―and, with a long press, to activate any optional fog lights.
The keyless system is not foreseen on the S either, which considerably increases my already high esteem for the Mandello, given that, as my readers know by now, I consider this system only a source of useless complications. On the other hand, the button for the hazard lights is missing; but it is possible to set them to automatically switch on during emergency braking, and their activation is always triggered in any case of serious failure which involves the risk of the motorbike suddenly slowing down.
Display
The V100 is equipped as standard with a beautiful 5″ color TFT display housed in a frame containing various basic warning lights: immobilizer/gear shift RPM, direction indicators, ABS, cruise control, high beam, engine failure, traction control, reserve, and neutral. Navigation is carried out using the four keys on the left block with the following screens available.
Standard View
Dedicated to driving, it is pleasant and shows everything you need to know in a single glance:
digital speedometer
analog tachometer
fuel level
water temperature
gear engaged
riding mode active
Now
ambient temperature
when cruise control is active, the set speed
when the fuel reserve is reached, the remaining autonomy
open side stand light
a myriad of other warning lights and indicators for all the various standard and optional accessories
The lower area is intended to house alarm messages and indications of various kinds, while a large area on the left is dedicated to the following tabs, which can be accessed by pressing the right key:
two travel diaries separately resettable
heated grips setting (if present)
heated rider seat setting (if present)
tire pressure (if the MIA system is present)
Information relating to telephone calls (if the MIA system is present)
Information relating to music tracks (if the MIA system is present)
Different information relating to the multimedia system (if the MIA system is present)
In turn, the travel diaries allow, by pressing the up and down keys, to alternatively view the following data:
total odometer
trip odometer
travel time
full speed
average speed
average consumption
instant consumption
distance traveled in reserve (only with reserve warning light on)
setting of the MGCT (Moto Guzzi Traction Control)
Navi View
The Navi screen, available only if the MIA multimedia system is present, is similar to the standard one and includes all the important information and the lower and left information areas of the standard screen, but has smaller digital speedometer and gear position indicator to make room for graphical indications of the next turn, the current speed limit, and the next turn—info taken from the GPS app of the smartphone. Other information appears in the lower bar―name of the road traveled and north direction, while the destination address can be retrieved from the tabs in the left area.
Launcher Menu
From this view it is possible to access the various menus available:
Vehicle
Service
Dashboards
Riding Modes
Multimedia (only if the MIA system is present)
MGCS (Moto Guzzi Suspension Control), only on the S version.
Each menu has personalized graphics with an image of the system to which each item is dedicated, and everything is really pleasant and well done.
Vehicle
It includes:
Headlamp mode―sets automatic or manual switching from daytime to night lights
Shift light―selects the speed at which the gear shift warning light comes on
MGQS down (only if the quickshifter is present)―activates or deactivates the auto-blipper
Emergency brake―sets the automatic activation of the hazard lights on or off in emergency braking
Calibration―allows you to recalibrate the traction control if different types of tires are installed
Rear radar―turns the radar on or off, if equipped
Service
It includes:
Change user code―sets the personalized unlock code in case of immobilizer failure
Code recovery―restores the factory code if the code has been forgotten
Windshield―selects the maximum operating speed of the electric windshield (130 km/h for the standard windshield and 110 km/h for the Touring)
other items relating to the software and reserved for assistance
Dashboard
It includes:
Backlight―adjusts the backlight of the display
Clock―adjusts the time and select the format
Units―sets the units of measure for speed, consumption, temperature, and pressure separately
Language―sets the dashboard language to Italian, French, English, German, or Spanish
Riding modes language―sets the language of the riding mode names to either Italian or English
Riding Mode
It allows you to customize the four systems included in each of the four riding modes, choosing from the following settings:
The factory settings of these systems are as follows.
Riding Mode
MGCM (e-gas)
MGCT (traction control)
MGCA (retractable flaps)
MGCS (suspension)
Sport
aggressive
minimum
closed
Automatic Dynamic
Strada
normal
medium
closed
Automatic Dynamic
Turismo
normal
maximum
open from 60 km/h
Automatic Comfort
Pioggia
smooth
medium
open
Automatic Comfort
The decision to set the traction control of the Rain mode to the medium level rather than the maximum appears curious.
Multimedia
Present only if the bike is equipped with the Moto Guzzi MIA system, it includes:
Device status―list of associated devices
Device pairing―pair a device
Reset pairing―reset all device pairings.
MGCS
Present only on the S version, it allows you to set the different parameters of each of the four modes available for the suspension.
In Automatic Dynamic and Automatic Comfort―the adaptive modes―three parameters are available: front damping, rear damping, and fork support under braking, adjustable on a scale from -5 (soft) to +5 (firm)
In Manual Dynamic and Manual Comfort, the non-adaptive modes, it is possible to electrically adjust the front and back hydraulic brakes in compression and rebound on a scale of 1 (hard) to 31 (soft).
The factory settings of the suspension parameters are as follows:
Parametro
Automatic Dynamic
Automatic Comfort
Manual Dynamic
Manual Comfort
Front damping
0
-5
–
–
Rear damping
0
-5
–
–
Fork support under braking
0
-5
–
–
Front hydraulic compression brake
–
–
28
31
Front hydraulic rebound brake
–
–
5
20
Rear hydraulic compression brake
–
–
30
31
Rear hydraulic reboundbrake
–
–
10
15
Lighting
The V100 features a full LED lighting system with cornering lights as standard to improve visibility along curves. They work with a different logic from what I’ve seen on other brands because they have only one spotlight on each side instead of the usual three, and they come on only when the bike leans more than 25° rather than almost immediately. Given that these lights are usually quite dim, it makes me think that Moto Guzzi has paid attention to the point and has foreseen this as a more effective aid only when it is really needed, and that is precisely when you lean a lot and the headlight points too much towards the external edge of the road. Unfortunately, I didn’t have the opportunity to check it because I rode in the city in the evening where public lighting doesn’t allow you to check; and, while in the garage, I had no chance to reach the necessary inclination. Anyway, the low beam and high beam work very well.
As with many motorcycles, the V100 does not feature a quick system for adjusting the height of the headlight beam according to the load. The low beams are adjusted individually using two screws located under the dashboard, while the high beam is adjusted with a screw located under the fairing. It is therefore important to adjust the preload when riding with a passenger, an operation made very simple by the presence of the handy wheel.
Driving position
The riding position is comfortable and much more for a naked than a sport tourer, with the handlebars wide and open enough, the torso slightly leaned forward, and the footrests well distanced from the saddle and moderately back. The saddle is quite comfortable and allows the greatest freedom of movement for the rider.
There is no lowering kit, nor is there a seat height adjustment. The heated comfort saddle, available only in the aftermarket, can be activated through the menus and is available in three different sizes. The possible seat heights are as follows:
low comfort saddle 800 mm
standard saddle and medium comfort saddle 815 mm
high comfort saddle 835 mm
The mirrors are good and well spaced, at a height that does not interfere too much with those of the cars; they do not vibrate noticeably; and they allow a good view. If the rear radar is present, they show
the danger indicator, besides the one appearing on the LCD display.
Passenger
The passenger sits on a separate saddle that is sufficiently wide and comfortable – but not heated; has a nice pair of comfortable handlebars and footrests that are a little higher than those of the rider, but which nonetheless allow for a comfortable position.
Load Capacity
The V100 is also designed to travel two up and can be equipped on request with dedicated two-tone light and dark gray 30- and 29-liter rigid panniers, beautiful and well integrated with the line of the bike, which can bel installed directly without the need for frames, and they are locked with the ignition key. Also available is a 37-liter two-tone top box that requires the purchase of a specific luggage rack. This is certainly robust―the homologation is for 12 kg―but not beautiful or up to par with the rest of the bike; and it also causes a top case position that is slightly too raised.
There is also a (very) small storage compartment under the passenger seat, which is equipped as standard with a USB charging socket.
The new DOHC starts promptly and without the usual transverse shaking typical of the other Moto Guzzis, with a very regular idle around 1400 rpm. When the throttle is opened, it revs rather rapidly and has almost no overturning torque, thanks to the anti-torque countershaft and the general work of reducing inertia. Furthermore, it is completely devoid of parasitic noises due to pushrods and rockers or other; while the exhaust is civil, it always lets you hear the beautiful note typical of the V2. In short, this twin-cylinder definitely sounds like a Moto Guzzi, but it seems to be made by Honda—and when speaking of engines, I couldn’t come up with a better compliment.
On the move, the V2 easily accepts turning at very low revs, so much so that it is possible to accelerate in 6th from 40 km/h (corresponding to approximately 1,550 rpm) at full throttle, of course with many vibrations; and already from[up around] 50-60 km/h (around 2,000 rpm), it becomes smooth and starts pulling satisfactorily.
In acceleration, the engine offers a consistent and regular thrust starting from 2,000 rpm, increases progressively without leaps, becomes noticeable already at 4,000 rpm, and remains so up to the maximum power regime beyond which it is decidedly not advisable to go because the torque fades immediately, even though the engine would continue to rev without any increase in vibration. We are not talking about an arm-stretching motorcycle, but there is enough power to have a lot of fun and not suffer from an inferiority complex towards anyone else on the road.
The throttle response varies significantly between the different modes, from gentle in Rain to quick in Sport, and is always perfectly suited to the situation. The different driving modes do not affect the engine torque.
The test took place in January with temperatures at or below 10 degrees Centigrade, so I could not detect any heat problems.
Acceleration
The V100 surprises because, in terms of sensation, it clicks much better than any other production Moto Guzzi I’ve tried before. I am certainly not referring to the V85TT, and much less to the V7 and V9 (the comparison would be merciless), but to the Griso 1200 8v, which was the lightest of the bikes equipped with the most powerful big block ever (110 HP), but despite this, it gave that sensation of inertia from large flywheel masses typical of the company’s V2s, which is completely absent in the V100.
The start is immediate, thanks to the short first gear, the smooth clutch, and the well-distributed torque; and the bike continues to accelerate vigorously in all gears, which are spaced perfectly evenly. Obviously, we are not at the levels of a super sports bike―the power-to-weight ratio is about half that of a 1000 cc race replica―but the V100 behaves very well against competitors of equal, and even higher, displacements because, when you open the throttle wide, you get enough response to have a lot of fun while experiencing the gratifying sensation of not having to survive by being hung up on electronics which, in any case, are discreetly present to prevent wheelies in first gear.
I did the acceleration tests in Sport, but I think the results would have been almost equivalent in the other modes as well.
The V100 reaches 100 km/h from a standstill after 4.28 s and 63.1 m and 200 km/h after 15.07 s and 554.5 m. The absence of the quickshifter does not worsen too much the shifting―around 0.3 seconds, given the promptness of the gearbox; but it has an impact on 0-100 time because the shift into second takes place at around 80 km/h. I am therefore sure that even better figures can be achieved with the S. On paper, these times might not seem particularly exciting to someone since you can generally read calculated numbers that have no basis in reality; but I guarantee that they are definitely adequate―the sensation is that of a very lively bike.
Pick-up in 6th Gear
The relatively short 6th gear of the V100 (25.7 km/h at 1,000 rpm) and the regularity of the torque allow the V100’s top notch pick-up capability. Furthermore, the engine’s ability to turn even at very low revs allowed me to carry out the test in the higher ratio, opening the throttle even from 40 km/h, corresponding to 1,560 revs/min, i.e., slightly above idling speed, a performance worthy of a 4 cylinder. In this case the vibrations are obviously evident, but the engine picks up again without any hesitation and, already starting from 50 km/h, it starts to turn nicely round and to push with increasing determination.
The passage from 40 to 120 km/h in 6th takes place in 9.63 s, an excellent time for a tourer, not only with respect to the engine capacity, but in absolute terms, practically identical to the already excellent one achieved by my K1200GT and close to the 8.8 s obtained with the 6-cylinder K1600. In practice, all this means that the V100 moves on the road with the smoothness of the big tourers―that is, it travels well even when fully loaded, and allows most passing to be done without having to downshift.
Trasmission
The wet clutch is relatively soft, perfectly modulable, and resistant to overwork―with the radial master cylinder making a big splash, but not bringing obvious advantages.
The stock gearbox is perfect: very precise and with a short stroke. The sample tested did not have a quickshifter, so I can’t comment on that. The very regular spacing between the gears allows you to always have the right gear for every need. In particular, when you’re in 6th gear and you want to overtake very quickly, you just need to downshift one gear to get a lot more thrust, which is not entirely obvious on other bikes. For example, on the mighty 6-cylinder K1600, which has very closely spaced 5th and 6th gears, if you want to overtake particularly fast, you had better downshift to 4th.
The final shaft drive has no noticeable backlash, is perfectly silent and works flawlessly. I can confirm that it behaves like a Ca.R.C. or a BMW Paralever double wishbones, but with a disarming constructive simplicity, really well done.
Brakes
The braking of the V100 is prompt, powerful, resistant, perfectly modular, and above all, extremely effective, also thanks to the certainly rather low center of gravity and the not particularly short wheelbase –features that reduce the tendency of the rear wheel to lift. The figures are record-breaking: the Mandello stops from 120 km/h in 3.63 s and 64.40 m, leaving even a naked shooter like the BMW S1000R, which needs 3.95 s and 69.0 m respectively.
However, the ABS is calibrated in a rather aggressive way because it allows an impressive maximum possible deceleration―on average around 1 g!―and only in emergency braking does some slight fishtailing of the rear wheel occur which, in any case, does not cause worry.
The ABS works very well and there is no forward motion feeling. The cornering function minimizes imbalances in the set-up when braking hard along a curve. If the front brake is applied decisively when cornering, the ABS intervenes well in advance of the actual loss of grip, drastically limiting the front braking power in the very first moments, and then gradually makes greater deceleration possible. In this way the start of braking when cornering is always made very progressive, as if the lever were pulled slowly rather than abruptly, all to the advantage of stability.
Steering & Attitude
The steering of the V100 is impeccable: precise and prompt as one could wish for, and never fatiguing.
The Kayaba upside-down fork of this standard version is very smooth and well supported even under the most violent braking, while the shock absorber in the standard setting is perhaps a little stiff―at least for the back of this splendid 57-year-old!―but it improves by acting on the adjusting screw. If you live in a bumpy roads area, you better choose the S version with Öhlins adaptive shock absorbers, In any case, the bike moves homogeneously, without imbalances between front and rear, and the excellent control of the suspended masses makes the Mandello very effective and reactive in sports riding.
Downtown
The V100 is not very light on the scales, but the low center of gravity, the relatively short wheelbase (compared to the average Moto Guzzi), the fairly wide handlebar, and its compact dimensions make it very agile and easy to handle in town. It is also quite slim and this facilitates the vertically challenged, who still have the option of buying the lower seat. The highly manageable engine―even in Sport mode―and the smooth clutch complete a great picture, which would be excellent if the suspension better absorbed the deep bumps.
On Highways
The V100 is a rather comfortable bike, thanks to the relaxed engine speed―at 130 km/h in 6th the engine is at 5,000 rpm―to the absence of annoying vibrations, to the very natural riding position, to the comfortable seat, and to the suspension―a little stiff on this standard version, but satisfying nonetheless. The aerodynamic protection offered by the slim fairing is good. Raising the windshield obviously increases it, and the air flow that reaches the helmet always remains perfectly smooth. For those who still want more, it is also possible to mount the larger Touring windshield. The adaptive flaps have no effect on the chest and head and therefore their action is less conspicuous, but once open they protect the upper part of the legs well and are particularly useful in wet weather.
On Twisty Roads
Relatively short wheelbase, strong and always available torque at the wheel, ready and easily manageable throttle, effective gearbox, superb brakes, prompt and precise steering, and excellent control of the suspended masses give the V100 a rather sporty behavior even on very twisty roads, a particularly interesting result, because combined with a good level of comfort. The guide is really tasty and makes even the most savvy riders smile in their helmets.
Fuel Consumption
Consumption at constant speed measured by the on-board instrument are as follows:
at 90 km/h 21.5 km/l
at 130 16.5 km/l
The overall average from top to top, including some downtown, some highway, a lot of highways and much fast pace―including acceleration tests―was 16.2 km/l.
Conclusions
The V100 Mandello is an excellent sport tourer that offers a lively engine with flawless operation and a more than reasonable fuel consumption, very interesting performance for the category and in particular an excellent pick-up in 6th gear, great maneuverability on all kinds of roads, stunning braking ability, space on board adequate for two and for luggage, good comfort even at highway speeds, and well made electronics that are easy to use.
But the thing that impressed me the most is the build quality of the whole and of all the details. On the Mandello there is not a cable or screw out of place, an imprecise joint between panels, a less than excellent finish; all the components are perfectly integrated and everything conveys a gratifying sensation of precision and solidity in use, even in particular insignificant ways, such as the feel of the various buttons and plastics or the flawless opening of the fuel cap or the ease of removing and, above all reassembling, the saddles. In a nutshell, the V100 offers, even in this standard version, the refined components and charm of Italian motorcycles combined with construction worthy of the best Hondas―and I really couldn’t wish for anything better.
Ever since I was a boy, I have always seen Moto Guzzi scrambling to pursue the competition and maintain the greatness of its past. Here, with the V100, the House of the Eagle has finally achieved both objectives with impetus because, in my opinion, this is one of the best sport tourers on the market and makes an epochal leap compared to the rest of the Mandello production. To find an equally innovative motorcycle in the history of the House, you have to go back at least as far as the 1965 V7. Hats off to the Mandello technicians for this masterpiece! I wish them every success in sales, and I look forward to seeing and testing future models with the same engine.
Pros
Beautiful, solid, and well finished bike
Space for passengers and luggage
Pleasant, powerful, and very elastic engine
Excellent brakes
Flawless gearbox and clutch
Nice drive on all the routes, even raising the pace
TFT dashboard that offers all the necessary information at a glance
Cons
I really struggled to find one, but in the end I succeeded: The design of the optional tubular luggage rack is not up to par with everything else on the bike
Many thanks to the Moto Guzzi―Aprilia―Piaggio dealership “Che Moto!“of Rome for having made the bike available for the test.
The term bagger comes from America and identifies that kind of travel motorcycle characterized by fixed panniers, a tapered downwards rear part, and a wide fairing with a low windshield, of which the Harley-Davidson Road Glide is perhaps the most typical example.
The K1600B (the “B” stands for “bagger”) presented at the end of 2017 is an example of how BMW moves when it approaches a genre that is traditionally not its own: It identifies the typical elements — those listed above — but then creates an absolutely different object from the norm and equipped with a decidedly BMW mechanical and technical scheme in general.
In the past, this same operating philosophy had inspired the creation of the splendid R1200C cruiser series, based on the traditional boxer twin. In our case, instead, the choice surprisingly fell on the 1649 cc 6-cylinder of the K Series which, displacement aside, is the furthest you can imagine from the American V-Twin in terms of design and operating characteristics.
The result of this operation is certainly an unconventional object, but apparently it has not completely satisfied BMW’s desire to expand in this sector, given that in 2020 it also launched the R18B with mechanics based on the new and gigantic 1802 cc Big Boxer twin-cylinder, much closer to American philosophy, and decidedly more classic in shape.
The bike tested is a Model Year 2023. Some improvements have been introduced starting from MY 2022, such as the TFT instrumentation and, above all, the Euro-5-compliant version of the inline 6 engine.
The K1600s were born in 2010 with a Euro 3 engine and that’s exactly the version I tested in 2013. I’ve heard someone complaining about the next Euro 4 series, released in 2016, which allegedly seems to have lost some edge under acceleration, so I’m curious to see how the current Euro 5 engine behaves. By the way, its technical data sheet shows significantly better data than those of the previous series, identical on paper.
The K1600B shares its entire mechanics with the other K1600s, except for slight variations relating to the suspensions, so all the considerations that will be made below are valid for any Euro 5 K, unless otherwise specified.
How It Is
Appearance
The line of the K1600B certainly has a different personality from that of the classic GT and GTL but, in my opinion, it is not completely convincing in terms of consistency. The front view is the usual one: modern, imposing, and efficient, only with a shorter windshield; while the entire rear part, obviously tapered downwards as the genre requires—with its integrated bags with a tapered design, the retro-style tail, the two large exhausts cut into a slice of salami, and the perimeter rear lights with a very refined design—is marked by a simpering elegance which, in my opinion, does not harmonize perfectly with the front part.
The side bags, with a more streamlined design compared to that of the other K1600GT and GTL, are fixed and this fact has made it necessary to make the rear mudguard removable, to allow the replacement of the wheel.
Compared to the traditional Ks, some things have changed: the seats, particularly the passenger seat which is flat and wider than usual; the lower part of the fairing, which is less extensive and also leaves the gearbox-clutch group in sight along with the engine; and the black, tubular handlebar, which can be replaced on request by a more classic aluminum handlebar, similar to the one on the GTL.
Chassis
The chassis is based on a sturdy double beam and open cradle frame in light alloy, conceptually similar—but certainly more beautiful to look at—than that of the 4-cylinder Ks. The engine is anchored below it, which limits the distance between the beams and therefore the overall width of the motorcycle. The engine protrudes laterally with respect to the frame and is left in full view by special openings in the side panels.
At the front, a bolted magnesium box supports the upper section of the fairing, the light unit, the dashboard, and the mirrors; while behind, there is an extruded aluminum frame, which on the K1600B and Grand America is shorter than the one present on the GT and GTL and includes specific tubulars to support the fixed side bags.
The chassis is completed by the classic BMW Paralever rear suspension and the Duolever front suspension.
The Paralever suspension consists of a hollow die-cast aluminum single swingarm, hinged at the front to the frame and at the rear to the unit containing the bevel gear and the wheel axle, and by a boxed bar parallel to the swingarm which also connects the frame to the rear unit. The transmission shaft is housed in the swingarm with two cardan joints, while the shock-absorbing function is entrusted to a central monoshock. This configuration controls the reactions induced by the cardan shaft on the suspension during acceleration and deceleration—the old transmission caused the suspension to fully extend under acceleration and sink completely under braking—and it is calibrated not to eliminate them completely, in order to ensure an anti-squat effect in acceleration similar to that caused by the chain in motorcycles with traditional transmission. Very interesting and inherited from the K1200/1300 is the fact that the shock absorber is mounted on a progressive damping linkage similar to the Honda Pro-Link system.
The Duolever suspension—commercial name adopted by BMW for the Hossack fork—consists of an inverted U-shaped element in die-cast aluminum which supports the wheel, connected by ball joints to two forged steel triangular wishbones hinged to the frame. There are therefore no triple clamp nor struts and the shock absorbing function is ensured by a monoshock that connects the frame with the lower wishbone. Steering takes place by means of two triangular connecting rods hinged to each other, connected below to the fork and above to a short steering tube on which the handlebar is mounted. This particular construction ensures interesting advantages compared to a traditional fork:
a much higher torsional rigidity, which gives impressive driving precision, especially at high speeds.
when the suspension swings, the wheel well moves almost vertically, rather than moving diagonally and parallel to the steering axis, and this has two effects:
the wheelbase remains almost unchanged as the suspension swings, ensuring superb stability under braking
lacking the horizontal component in the movement of the wheel, the front end of the bike dives much less than usual under braking
as a result of the reduced squatting, it is possible to adopt a significantly softer shock absorber than usual, with clear advantages on uneven surfaces.
The main dimensions are as follows.
front wheel travel 115 mm
rear wheel travel 125 mm
wheelbase 1618 mm
trail 106.4 mm
rake 27.8°
The only difference in the dimensions with the K6 GT and GTL is given by the rear wheel travel reduced by 10 mm, consistent with the visual lowering of the rear axle.
Some consideration must be made for the steering axis angle. For geometric reasons, the closer the axis is to the vertical, the more quickly the wheel steers with the same handlebar rotation angle – making the bike more maneuverable, but also more nervous at high speeds – and the less the fork dives in violent braking. Super sports bikes always have a rather small angle—the S1000RR, for example, sports an almost brutal 23.8°—to favor handling and set-up under braking, while fast touring bikes adopt a slightly more relaxed angle—25.5° on the S1000XR and 25.9° on the R1250RT —looking for more stability.
The Ks equipped with Duolever wishbone suspension are a conspicuous exception to this rule, as they have always had a very wide angle, partly to favor the stability at the high speeds of which they are capable, but above all because the particular kinematics of their suspension front considerably reduces the diving under braking and therefore allows you not to have any particular hesitations in this regard. Suffice it to say that the K1300S sport tourer, capable of over 275 km/h, has a steering angle of 29.6°, similar to that of a Harley-Davidson Sportster 883 (!).
Seen in this context, the 27.8° angle adopted on all K1600s is quite sporty. The current Honda Gold Wing, completely comparable to the Ks including the wishbone front suspension, sports a much more touristic 30.5° angle.
The trail, on the other hand, directly affects the heaviness of the steering, because the longer it is, the more the front end moves towards the inside of the curve when you steer, opposing greater resistance. Obviously, the weight on the front end also affects this characteristic. It therefore appears clear that the reduction of the trail from 115 mm of the K1300GT to 106.4 mm of the K1600 was decided to favor handling in consideration of the greater weight on the front wheel. It is no coincidence that the prescribed pressure on 6-cylinder models is 2.9 bar on both axles, against the canonical 2.5 front and 2.9 rear of the K1300.
The wheels are made of alloy—a beautiful Classic forged rims set is available on request—with tubeless tires, in the usual sizes 120/70 ZR 17 on a 3.5 x 17″ rim at the front and 190/55 ZR 17 on a 6 x 17″ rim at the rear.
Engine
Thirteen years after it was first marketed, the 1649 cm3 in-line six-cylinder with DOHC 24-valve distribution and bank inclined forward by 55°—like the K1300 four-cylinder—is still a great piece of engineering, which ensures BMW an imperishable place in the Olympus of Gran Tourismo motorcycles alongside the equally sensational boxer of the Honda Gold Wing 1800.
As is well known, this cylinder configuration ensures the almost total absence of vibrations—therefore there is no need to adopt balance shafts—and fantastic smoothness of operation especially at very low revs; however, this is at the price of a rather heavy weight and a considerable width, normally about 20-25% higher than the already important one of a 4 in-line with the same engine capacity.
To contain the transversal dimension, the BMW engineers opted for an engine with a relatively long stroke (67.5 mm) in order to limit the bore (72 mm) and therefore obtain a narrower block. Even more interesting in this regard are the reduction of the distance between the cylinders, limited to only 5 mm against the approximately 10 mm generally in use, and the positioning of the electrical accessories next to the cylinder block and not at the ends of the crankshaft as usual. All these features make it possible to limit the total width of the engine to just 56 cm. For comparison, the 1301 cc in-line 4 of the BMW K1300 measures 50 cm. If we imagine pantographing it up to the 1649 cc of the 6-cylinder, the measurement would rise to 54.1 cm, so we can say that BMW has managed, all other things being equal, to contain the increase in width to a sensational 3.5%. Equally significant is the comparison with the inline 6 of the 1979 Kawasaki Z1300, which despite “only” 1286 cc, is 63.5 cm wide, a good result for the time, but still 27% more than the BMW 4 cylinders of similar volume.
Although limited in the maximum power possible by these choices, the BMW 6-cylinder is still capable of 160 HP, more than abundant for a touring bike which, moreover in this new Euro 5 version, is delivered at just 6,750 rpm against the 7,750 claimed of previous releases. Torque is even more interesting, with a maximum peak of 180 Nm at 5,750 rpm, 5 Nm more than in the Euro 3 and 4 versions. The work done by BMW engineers in adapting this engine to the strictest anti-pollution regulations is truly impressive.
The graph, taken from the BMW press kit of the K1600 MY 2022, shows, in addition to the fact that there are almost 120 Nm at 1,000 rpm (!), a significant increase in maximum torque between 3,000 and 7,000 rpm in favor of the Euro 5 version (light blue) compared to Euro 4 (blue), with a corresponding decrease in maximum power.
As far as weight is concerned, the scale reaches 102.6 kg, which is decidedly low for a 6-cylinder of this engine capacity, but a lot compared to the 81 kg of the 4-cylinder 1300 which delivers the same maximum power. Not surprisingly, the K1600GT first series weighed 319 kg against the 288 of the K1300GT with the same equipment.
Transmission
The gearbox of the K6 is characterized by the construction on three shafts — usually two are used — to reduce its width in the footpegs area.
2nd and 3rd gears are relatively close to each other and so are 5th and 6th. The ratios are quite long, with the 6th gear allowing you to travel at 130 km/h at around 3800 rpm, a decidedly restful regime.
The slipper clutch is hydraulically actuated and with a special power assistance mechanism. The Shift Assistant Pro, i.e., the BMW quickshifter with auto-blipper, is available on request.
The transmission ratios, the same for all present and past K1600s, are as follows:
Gear
Ratio
Primary
1.617
1st
2.230
2nd
1.641
3rd
1.319
4th
1.101
5th
0.926
6th
0.788
Final
2.750
The resulting speeds at the most significant rpms are as follows:
Gear
Speed @ real torque start (5,000 rpm)
Speed @ peak power (6.750 giri)
Speed @ rev limiter (8.500 giri)
1a
60,9
82,2
103,5
2a
82,7
111,7
140,7
3a
103,0
139,0
175,0
4a
123,4
166,5
(teorica) 209,7
5a
146,7
198,0
(teorica) 249,3
6a
172,4
(teorica) 232,7
(teorica) 293,0
The final drive is, in BMW tradition, a shaft with two cardan joints.
Brakes
The K1600GT is equipped with two 320 mm front rotors with traditional-style Brembo four-piston fixed calipers, while at the rear there is also a large 320 mm rotor with two-piston floating caliper. All brakes are actuated by traditional pumps through steel braided hoses.
The ABS system is of the semi-integral type, with the lever operating both brakes and the pedal acting only on the rear. As always in BMW, the two braking circuits are independent; the integral function is obtained via the ABS pump and is therefore active when the ignition is on.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
From the point of view of electronic driving aids, the K1600B is obviously equipped with a 6-axis inertial platform and offers practically everything as standard.
ABS Pro – Anti-lock braking system with rear wheel lift control and cornering function, which reduces the initial braking power at the front when the bike is leaning and serves to minimize the effects of too abrupt actuation of the front brake when cornering.
DTC (Dynamic Traction Control) – Disengageable anti-slip system that takes into account the lean angle of the bike.
Three riding modes – Rain, Road and Dynamic.
MSR (“Motor Schleppmoment Regelung”, i.e., engine brake regulation) – System that automatically regulates engine braking, decreasing it (i.e., accelerating) in the event of sudden downshifts, so as to avoid any rear wheel skidding.
Dynamic ESA (Electronic Suspension Adjustment) – Self-adaptive suspension system, which acts by automatically adjusting the hydraulic suspension damping according to driving and road conditions, automatically adjusts the preload according to the weight on board and allows you to choose two basic settings: a comfortable Road, and a stiffer Cruise. Note that on the K1600B, the possibility of lowering the height to a minimum, present on other models, is absent: Given the lower seat, it would not make much sense.
HSC Pro (Hill Start Control) – System that allows you to automatically keep the bike on the brakes when it’s stationary, with the advantage of having your hands free with both feet on the ground and simplifying hill starts. The system can be set to be activated manually by forcefully pulling the brake lever, or to be activated automatically if you keep the brakes pulled with the motorcycle stationary on a slope for at least one second.
RDC (tire pressure control) – System which shows the tire pressure on the display and warns in the event of a loss of pressure.
The DBC (Dynamic Brake Control) system, that shuts the throttle during brakings, present on other BMW models, is absent on the K1600s. It was probably assumed that a beginner, to whom is typically given such help, would never drive such a monster.
The choice of riding modes affects the behavior of the throttle, the DTC, and the anti-wheelie function to harmonize them with each other in the various situations, while the two settings for the Road and Cruise suspensions can always be selected in all riding modes. Below are the configurations foreseen in the various cases.
Rain:
smooth throttle response
DTC adjusted for maximum stability on a wet road, it leads to a reduction in maximum acceleration on a dry road surface
anti-wheelie to the max.
Road:
normal throttle response
DTC adjusted for high stability on a dry road with delayed intervention compared to Rain mode
anti-wheelie to the max.
Dynamic:
direct throttle response
DTC adjusted for high performance on dry surfaces with delayed intervention compared to Road mode. in the event of a poorly maintained surface, it is impossible to guarantee optimal stability.
anti-wheelie that allows a slight lift of the front.
Accessories
Standard
In addition to what is indicated above, the following accessories are standard:
10.25-inch TFT instrument cluster with connectivity option and integrated map navigation via the BMW Motorrad Connected app
full LED lighting with adaptive headlight
electric reverse assist
cruise control
heated grips
pilot and passenger seats separately heated
Intelligent Emergency Call system
side bags
storage compartment with USB-C plug
electrically adjustable low windscreen
manually retractable flaps for dynamic ventilation
bi-tonal horns.
Optional
The options available from the factory (in Italy, please check by your local dealer) are the following:
Comfort Package:
Keyless Ride
centralized locking of the trunks and compartments
quickshifter with auto-blipper
anti-theft alarm system (DWA)
Tour Package:
Audio 2.0 radio system with front speakers and navigation predisposition
additional LED headlights
paramotor
forward platform footrests
storage compartments
ground lighting
high seat (no extra charge)
Option 719 seat
Classic Option 719 forged wheels
forged aluminum handlebar
central stand
short tinted windshield
Four types of bags to be mounted on the passenger seat, various chrome details, and a set of inner bags for the side cases are also available in the aftermarket.
Controls
The controls are the classic ones of the current BMWs, but with some differences compared to the other models due to the different on-board equipment. There are so many, especially on the left side, that the lack of a backlight is felt at night. Furthermore, the different functions attributed to some keys creates obvious complications in some cases, which we will see later.
The turning lights shut off automatically, which however can curiously be deactivated through the Settings menu. Their duration depends on the driving situation. I haven’t tried all the situations in detail, nor does the user manual contain an exhaustive explanation of how they work, but while driving, I’ve never found myself needing to restart a blinker that lasted too short a time. If the left indicator is switched on when the ignition has just been switched off, the parking lights turn on and are shut off automatically the next time the ignition is switched on.
The horn button is exactly where it should be and activates a two-tone system that will bring the surrounding traffic to a halt in surprise, hurray!
The high beam flashing is obtained by pressing with the index finger a lever located above the left block, while the light switch is activated by pushing the same lever outwards.
The left block also houses:
the Multi-Controller, i.e., the wheel to navigate and select the different options on the screen
the Menu rocker switch to scroll through the different TFT dashboard views and menus
the rocker button for electric windshield adjustment, which takes the place of the usual button for disengaging the DTC and selecting the D-ESA suspension mode
The red button for the hazard warning
The controls of the BMW cruise control, which is standard.
As usual, this is operated by a lever equipped with a sliding guard that acts as an on-off switch. Once the guard has been moved to the right, pushing the lever forward sets the current speed, which is maintained until you brake or pull the clutch or shift (but not if you upshift using the optional quickshifter) or force gas shut off. If, with regulation active, the lever is briefly pressed forwards or backwards, the speed increases or decreases by one km/h at a time—or by one mph, based on how the unit of measurement is set in the Settings menu. If you hold it down instead, the set speed increases or decreases in steps of 10 km/h—or 5 mph—and the motorbike accelerates or decelerates progressively until you release the command; while when the adjustment is deactivated, pulling the lever all the way back, the last stored speed is recalled.
In a supplementary element placed next to the left block there are:
The R button to engage the electric reverse assist
The button for switching on the anti-fog lights.
On the right block there are instead:
The optional central locking button, which replaces the heated grip control
The riding mode selection button
The rocker switch for engine start and kill.
The central locking controls the side cases and, if fitted, the additional storage compartments. In any case, each suitcase and each compartment is also equipped with a key lock which, if blocked, prevents opening with the centralized locking.
The start button is also used to engage reverse assist. The electric reverse is activated by keeping it pressed after pressing the R button on the left block with the engine running in neutral and the brake is pulled. The engine idle rises automatically to compensate for the high electrical absorption and moves the bike with good progression and at an easily controllable speed.
In an additional element located next to the right block, under a cover clearly highlighted by the SOS sign, the key of the Intelligent Emergency Call system is housed as standard for obtaining help in emergency situations. The system uses its own SIM and therefore does not require the possession of a smartphone. When the button is pressed, or automatically if the system detects an accident, the system calls the BMW Call Center, which addresses the rider in his language via a loudspeaker and microphone installed on the bike, and activates the rescue chain as needed .
The different function assigned to some buttons entails the drawback that, to manage many functions—D-ESA suspensions, heated grips and front seat, radio, and others—it is necessary to access the relative settings in the vast Settings menu. It might seem only a minor detail, but often it gets really annoying. For example, to turn the heated grips on to maximum, an operation that usually requires pressing a dedicated key on the K1600 and on the R1250RT, you must first press the Menu key several times (depending on the screen you are in) to reach the Settings menu, after which you must perform five distinct operations with the big wheel, each comprising one or more pulses:
down to Heating
right to enter Heating
down to Knob heating
right to enter Knob heating
up to select the intensity from 0 to 5.
And then you have to go back to the home screen, of course. All this stuff requires an expenditure of time and mental energy disproportionate to the required action. In addition, it must be repeated every time you want to adjust the temperature or turn off the heating. I understand how the complexity of the equipment requires an effort to simplify the controls, but here it borders on sadism.
In an attempt to remedy this problem, BMW has inserted four customizable buttons in the left fairing on the Euro 5 version, each of which can be assigned a specific function. The intent is commendable, but on the one hand this forces the user to do a programming job that not everyone wants to do—always assuming they read the user manual; on the other hand, the keys are in an awkward position; and, in any case, you have to remember which key is dedicated to what or consult the menu to get the list. In my opinion, it would be much more logical to reassign to the central locking button—whose function is already performed by the key!—the control of the heated grips, which is the command that is used the most, and add a couple of keys above the reverse gear and emergency call blocks.
The Keyless Ride system is also available on request. The key remains in your pocket, while the ignition and steering lock are governed by a key in place of the ignition lock. When the key is near the motorcycle, pressing the button briefly turns the ignition on, pressing it again briefly turns it off, while holding it down for a couple of seconds also engages or disengages the steering lock. The system also acts on the tank cap, which can be opened only when the ignition is off and within a couple of minutes of switching it off. Among the various systems of this kind that I have tried, this is undoubtedly the best, yet I still prefer the traditional key system, which is faster to operate, is practically indestructible and—above all—allows the user to always keep the key under control. If contact with the key is lost with the engine running, it does not switch off, for obvious safety reasons, but the warning appears on the dashboard that the key is no longer nearby and that it is no longer possible to restart the engine. The warning is pretty big, but it can happen that you don’t pay attention to it, especially just after a start. As long as the rider is still the same and keeps the key in a secure pocket, all is well; but any variation from the norm—key dropping from a trouser pocket or forgotten in the passenger’s jacket after dropping him/her off at home, motorcycle lent by a friend, etc.—it can mean wasting time to retrieve the key or, worse, being stranded at the first stop.
Dashboard
The dashboard consists of a huge 10.25″ display, exclusive to the K1600 and R1250RT, housed as usual in a frame containing the various basic warning lights: direction indicators, main beam, daytime running lights, fog lights, generic warning triangle, ABS, DTC, and engine failure.
The large width of the display offers the possibility of splitting the screen in two, with the selected view narrowing to make room for a smaller supplementary display on the right-hand side, which can be one of the two available Trip Computers or Navigation or Media. This feature eliminates the only real defect of standard BMW TFT instruments, i.e., the impossibility of simultaneously seeing more than one piece of information from the on-board computer together with the speedometer and tachometer.
The Pure Ride display is the standard one and includes a large tachometer bar, the red sector of which is larger with a cold engine and narrows as the temperature rises, digital speedometer, speed limit indicator (with smartphone connection), cruise control activation indicator with set speed, gear engaged indicator, current riding mode, digital clock, ambient temperature, range remaining, and just one of the data on the My Vehicle or Trip Computer screens—fuel level, trip mileage, average consumption, etc.—and numerous secondary spies. [?secondary spies?]
The Menu display instead allows you to select one of the following menus:
My vehicle – information system including several switchable tabs:
My vehicle displays total mileage, coolant temperature, tire pressure, on-board power supply voltage, range, and service interval indicator
Trip computer – – hows average speed, average fuel consumption, total trip time, total stop time, partial and total mileage, last reset date.
Trip computer – it is the same as the previous one; it allows you to collect data on a different section and it resets itself after six hours of stop or when the date changes
Tire inflation pressure – in addition to the pressure compensated with the operating temperature visible in the My vehicle tab, it also shows the actual tire pressure
Maintenance Needed – Indicates the expiration date and remaining mileage until the next maintenance
any additional tabs containing the check control messages
Radio – Manages the on-board digital radio, which can be listened to through the on-board speakers—even with automatic volume adjustment based on speed—or in the helmet hands-free system
Media – Works if a compatible device and a helmet with a compatible hands-free system are connected and allows you to listen to the music on the device
Navigation – Works with a smartphone using the BMW Motorrad Connected app; allows control of navigation functions and display of either a smartphone GPS-operated map or a simplified display with arrows and text
Phone – Works when a compatible device and a helmet with a compatible hands-free system are connected and allows you to make and receive phone calls.
Lighting
The K1600B has a particularly sophisticated and decidedly unique full-LED lighting system as standard. A single large optical assembly includes two pairs of high-beam headlights on the sides, each edged below by the slim profile of the daytime/running lights. The center is occupied by a pair of low-beam headlights connected to the inertial platform that governs the bike electronics. This allows the low-beam headlights to follow any curve of the road, compensating for any pitching and rolling movement of the bike, thus staying always at the correct height and with the upper edge perfectly horizontal, even when cornering: wonderful!
My test took place during the day. The only way I found to verify the operation of the headlight was to go to the garage. The video clearly shows the light beam remaining horizontal during cornering.
A functionally similar system had always been available on the K1600s but made differently: There was only one low beam, lenticular, fixed, and aimed upwards to intercept an adjustable mirror. However, this system had the defect that the low beam was a bit weak compared to the two powerful high beams, while here the LED lighting is very abundant in all circumstances.
Through the Settings menu of the instrument cluster it is possible to set by default the low beam to always on or to daylight, which switches to low beam automatically in the event of a reduction in ambient brightness; and it is always possible to manually choose between the two modes using the button on the left block.
Riding Position
The riding position is excellent, as is often the case on BMWs, due to the spot-on triangulation of the seat-footpegs-handlebars, which allows for a touristic but not slouching posture similar to that found on the K1600GTL. The seat is 75 cm from the ground and there is no height adjustment; but, upon request and at no extra cost, the bike can be ordered with a high seat (78 cm), as well as with the quilted Option 719 seat, available at an extra cost.
The additional footrests included in the Comfort package are placed in the right place, neither too high nor too far forward, and allow for a truly comfortable position. Furthermore, they are hinged and equipped with a lower pin like the footpegs and therefore do not create problems when hard leaning.
The mirrors are large—more so than those of the first series—and well placed, obviously do not vibrate, and allow a very wide view.
Passenger
The passenger sits a little higher than the rider, on a very wide and comfortable seat, with well-spaced footpegs, and has two large, comfortable handgrips. The result is a very comfortable posture.
Load Capacity
Unlike all the other K1600s, the Bagger does not provide for the topcase assembly, which in any case can be had by opting for the Grand America model.
The fixed side cases should have a capacity of 37 liters each, for a total of 74 litres. This bike will hardly be used for two-up trips, so the capacity is sufficient. Additionally, there are four different types of passenger seat bags in the aftermarket catalog.
The bike is also equipped with a storage compartment with USB-C charging and cooling fan, dedicated to the smartphone and located above the TFT display. To open the compartment, it is necessary to raise the windscreen. To prevent theft, the windscreen always lowers to a minimum every time the ignition is switched off, but returns to the memorized position when it is switched on.
Also included in the optional Tour package are two small stowage boxes housed in the fairings in front of the rider’s knees, lockable with a key and connected to the central locking system.
The K1600 engine has a unique character, also different from that of the Honda 6-cylinder, from which it differs in terms of sound and much sportier general behavior.
Starting is very prompt because of automatic valve lifters that reduce the effort of the starter motor. The timbre, dark and powerful, and the furious rapidity with which the engine revs up when the gas is opened are truly exhilarating and unique.
Once started, the six-cylinder runs extremely round and fluid, with almost non-existent vibrations throughout its entire operating range. The torque available is truly impressive even at very low revs: Just think that it is possible to open the throttle in 6th gear even from idle speed, set at 900 rpm—which corresponds to 31 km/h—and the bike accelerates immediately without the engine having the slightest hesitation or gasp.
The torque of the 6-cylinder is overwhelming at any rpm. The curve has an almost semi-circular shape, which grows from almost 120 Nm at idle to 180 Nm at 5,750 rpm, to then drop back to just below 120 Nm near the limiter at 8,500 rpm. The top rpm figure is not exciting, but the acceleration when pulling the gears—which is certainly not inferior to that of the first series—is, in any case, of a decidedly sporty level and is particularly impressive when the size of the bike is taken into account. Even more than with the previous versions, it is better to shift up with the Euro 5 version well before the limiter—in this case around 7,000 rpm—to obtain maximum acceleration because the thrust fades notably beyond this speed. Despite the long first gear, which requires a bit of clutch play, in my test I did the classic 0-100 km/h in 3.5″ and 0-140 km/h in 5.6″—times that perhaps could be slightly reduced by mistreating the clutch. Up to 100 km/h, no motorcycle, not even a super sports one, can dream of outdoing the K1600, and its rider would have to work hard to get the same times which, on the six-cylinder, are within reach of any motorcyclist with a minimum of blood in their veins.
The monstrous torque certainly allows for longer ratios than usual, to the advantage of comfort and consumption. However, BMW has perhaps gotten too carried away: The 5th and 6th gears are really very long and rather close to each other, so they end up mortifying pick up, also thanks to the very high weight. The paradoxical result is that the K1600 picks up in 6th gear less than instinctively expected and, given the data in hand, it behaves worse than the various 1250 boxer models and also compared to the S1000XR, which at normal speeds has only half the crankshaft torque guaranteed by the 6-cylinder, but weighs much less and has much shorter ratios. The passage from 40 to 100 km/h in 6th takes place with a truly incomparable smoothness, but requires 6.3 sec, a very good figure overall, but similar to that of the K1300GT with “only” 135 Nm. In fact, to overtake really fast, it is better to downshift a couple of gears because the 5th gear is also particularly long; and all this also applies to this Euro 5 version, where the increase in midrange torque helps, but is limited to an average of 4% plus, that doesn’t change the substance. However, one point must be scored in favor of the K1600 when one considers that the situation becomes more favorable to the six-cylinder if there are also a passenger and luggage on board because their weight is less relevant in relation to the greater mass of the bike.
The following table compares the torque available to the engine and to the wheel in 6th gear at 90 and 120 km/h with different models in the BMW top range. As you can see, the crankshaft values are unattainable, but what really matters for recovery is the torque to the wheel in relation to the weight, and in this case the K1600 looks comparatively bad in 6th compared to its sisters at both speeds.
K16B
R1250RT
K13GT
R1250GS
S-XR
rpm @ 90 km/h in 6th
2.600
3.100
3.400
3.300
3.800
Crankshaft torque @ 90 km/h in 6th Nm
153
118
112
118
77
Wheel torque @ 90 km/h in 6th Nm
489
482
500
510
393
Wheel torque/kg ratio @ 90 km/h in 6th Nm
1,42
1,73
1,73
2,05
1,74
rpm @ 130 km/h in 6th
3.800
4.500
4.900
4.700
5.900
Crankshaft torque @ 130 km/h in 6th Nm
161
130
118
136
94
Wheel torque @ 130 km/h in 6th Nm
515
531
526
588
480
Wheel torque/kg ratio @ 130 km/h in 6th Nm
1,50
1,90
1,83
2,36
2,12
All values are taken from data and torque graphs published by BMW.
It’s not a tragedy, mind you, because already in 4th gear the K1600 becomes uncatchable at any road speed. Evidently, BMW intended to create a motorcycle with a dual personality, extremely comfortable on the one hand, and very sporty on the other; and it is precisely through the gearbox that the rider can decide whether to be Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde.
The electronic throttle control behaves very well, has no open-close effect, and has lost that inconsistency between position and result that sometimes characterized the first series. The promptness of the command increases going from Rain to Road to Dynamic, while I don’t think I have found evident variations in the acceleration with wide open throttle between the Rain and the other mappings. In fact, neither the press kit nor the manual mention torque reduction which, however, was present on the K1600 Euro 3 and, to a lesser extent, on the Euro 4. Probably on the Euro 5 they considered that the progressive throttle control and the excellent traction control DTC were sufficient to ensure safety in wet conditions.
The DTC (Dynamic Traction Control) system is precise in its intervention and minimally invasive. It can also be deactivated while driving via the Settings menu (but it takes time…) and is reactivated each time the engine is restarted.
In Dynamic mode the engine fully expresses its potential; the response to the throttle is immediate and the DTC intervenes with a certain delay, in order to make possible a certain margin of drift, rather amusing and never excessive. Switching to Road and Rain modes offers increasingly progressive throttle response and increasingly conservative DTC intervention, to the point of preventing any hint of drift.
The test took place in December with temperatures between 10 and 15 ° Celsius, so I could not detect any heat problems. I imagine that the Bagger Euro 5 performs quite well, as usually happens on the K.
Transmission
The standard gearbox is less pleasant than the average BMW, as it is precise, but has a slightly longer stroke and is noisier while shifting. The clutch is soft and certainly better than that of the first series because it is slightly less abrupt and no longer has those lever movements that occurred in the throttle on-off.
As always happens, if shift assistance is present, the lever becomes more contrasted and rubbery. The system works well at medium revs, particularly when downshifting—it is also possible when cornering without problems—but becomes abrupt in sporty driving, is rough at low revs, and in some circumstances requires you to pay attention to the throttle position on pain of refusing to change or the feeling of gears that don’t like each other. Personally, I prefer the traditional shifter for the better feeling of the lever and because the perfection of the shifting depends only on me and not on the behavior of the assistant.
The shaft transmission is certainly quieter than the first series which was affected by audible “clacks” in the passages between shooting and release, now not entirely absent, but certainly less evident.
Brakes
The braking is very ready to be a touring bike and is powerful, resistant, and well adjustable, all this in spite of the weight and the dated-looking calipers. The attitude during the violent braking remains irreproachable thanks above all to the very long wheelbase and to the Duolever anti-dive front suspension which drastically reduces nose diving and prevents the wheelbase from being shortened when braking.
The ABS is non-invasive and there is no forward-movement feeling in the event of its intervention. The Pro (cornering) function, active with the bike leaning in all riding modes, minimizes imbalances when braking along a curve. If the front brake is applied decisively when cornering, the ABS intervenes well in advance of the actual loss of grip, drastically limiting the front braking power in the very first moments, to then gradually make greater deceleration possible. In this way the start of braking when cornering is always made very progressive, as if the lever were pulled slowly rather than abruptly, all to the advantage of stability.
Steering and Attitude
The steering is extremely precise, quite ready, light enough to make driving easy, but at the same time it still allows you to tackle even very sporty driving without any apprehension.
The absorption of the semi-active suspension is excellent on Road and good in Cruise and allows good control of the suspended masses and the line set also on bumpy roads.
The behavior of the Duolever fork is truly superb in all circumstances, the extraordinary steering precision and the almost flat attitude of the bike even in hard braking are impressive; and even the Telelever rear suspension, although less original, contributes to the absolute imperturbability of the attitude. The elderly remember well that the BMWs and Guzzis of yesteryear “kangarooed”, that is, they stood up on the two wheels when accelerating and crouched when braking; so it’s hardly surprising that even today I meet people who, when they see a BMW, comment thoughtfully that “the cardan shaft is hard to ride and unbalances the bike”. The fact that the Telelever system has been around and conceptually unchanged since 1988, and that similar systems have also been introduced long ago by other manufacturers such as Moto Guzzi and Honda, does not seem to have affected their beliefs in the slightest.
Downtown
The remarkable maneuverability of the bike also makes driving at low speeds and in traffic relatively easy, you just have to pay attention to the dimensions and keep in mind the length of the bike when you slip between the cars. The considerable weight of the Bagger, 344 kg with a full tank, is managed quite well in normal conditions thanks to the seat at 75 cm from the ground, but in particular circumstances—for example, when you stop on an uphill slope crossing and have to start again turning to the right—you need to pay close attention to what you are doing: The margins for correcting any imbalance are decidedly smaller than usual. In short, as with all very heavy motorcycles, it is essential to plan any slow speed maneuver very carefully.
On Highway
The Bagger is a purebred kilometer eater, which guarantees unrivaled driving smoothness. The excellent level of springing (even if, to be fussy, there is a slight worsening on sharp bumps, due to the reduction of the rear travel), the rock-solid stability guaranteed by the chassis, the very comfortable riding position, the absolute rest guaranteed by the ratio (in sixth gear at 130 km/h, the engine is at around 3,800 rpm), the almost total absence of vibrations, and excellent aerodynamic protection all combine to ensure peace of mind and therefore superior comfort. The short windshield protects more than you might think and has the great advantage of not obstructing the view even when it’s all the way up, in which case, the slightly disturbed airflow hits the helmet more or less in the center of the visor, while lowering it decreases the protection only marginally—there is still a huge fairing—but the airflow becomes more clean, so choice is more a matter of taste.
Given the relative softness of the suspension, BMW has decided to electronically limit the top speed to 200km/h, which in theory (ahem…) should be further reduced to 180km/h if the optional footpegs are installed. The RPM limiter (re-ahem…) doesn’t keep the speed constant but triggers an annoying continuous bounce. Anyone intending to travel along German Autobahnen is warned.
On Twisty Roads
The Bagger is also a bomb in sporty driving on very twisty roads. I understand that reading such a thing about such a heavy monster makes you smile, but I can truly assure you that the K1600B does not suffer from the slightest inferiority complex compared to any other touring bike on any route and, if ridden competently—and with confidence in one’s own ability not to go broke because of a crash—it is able to leave many other riders speechless even on their much lighter motorcycles. The magic is given by the perfect harmonization of all the elements: the extraordinary torque of the engine ensures lightning-fast accelerations out of the corners, but with all the sweetness you could wish for while leaning; the Duolever front suspension ensures absolute precision of the trajectories and allows you to lean the bike even on hard braking without any imbalance; the powerful and tireless brakes guarantee supersport decelerations; the seat allows you to move in any direction without problems (pun against the S1000XR intended); and even the ground clearance, although lower than that of the K1600GT, but better than the K1600GTL, does not disappoint even at rather high lean angles.
Consumption
The six-cylinder is beautiful, the comfort is beautiful, everything is beautiful, but the K1600 drinks more than the other BMWs. The overall average of the test, including some urban stretches, some motorways, some highways, and some sections done at full speed, was 14.8 km/l. A relaxed pace can certainly do much better, but on the other hand this applies to all motorcycles.
Conclusions
Thirteen years after its debut and despite the various updates made over time, the project has not deeply changed: The K1600s are still a great piece of engineering and an absolute reference in terms of comfort and driving characteristics. The extraordinary overall balance of the bike and the amazing sound of its magnificent straight-six are things that everyone should experience at least once, at the risk of falling madly in love with it.
However, when at the end of the test I returned to my 2007 K1200GT, I found a bike that was just as comfortable, protective, and with speed and dynamic performance as exciting from all points of view, but lighter by a good 56 kilos; and I thought again that BMW should never have abandoned the four-cylinder K.
Pros
Very well made bike
Powerful motor, extremely elastic and with a unique sound
Powerful brakes, well adjustable and resistant
unexpected handling
Very effective guide even on twisty roads
High level comfort
Adequate accessories
Very well done TFT dashboard
Cons
Pickup in high gears mortified by the very long ratios
Quite heavy weight
Cumbersome activation of several commands via the menu system
Thanks to BMW Motorrad Rome for making the test bike available.
It was April 2007 when BMW, the Bavarian manufacturer known for its touring bikes powered by boxer engines, announced that it would participate in the Superbike championship. It sounded more like a joke, but the Germans who had uttered it were very serious; if they were joking, they must have studied at Buster Keaton’s school.
To be fair, BMW didn’t make only quiet twins. For twenty years it had also been producing, among other models, excellent four-cylinder touring bikes, the K series, that since 2004, had made a significant technological and performance leap when the heavy K1200RS gave way to a range of decidedly more modern and lighter bikes, including the K1200R which, at its launch, was the most powerful and fastest naked bike in the world. For this bike BMW had also put on a championship, the BMW Motorrad Power Cup.
But this was BMW’s only competition activity, and the K remained substantially a niche product in the BMW range, appreciated by only a group of enthusiasts. The general riders public saw only that German motorcycles had protruding cylinders on the sides, the shaft that unbalanced them, and they lived far from the tracks.
Until April of 2008, when BMW released this photo.
A shock. Such stuff had never been seen in BMW; moreover, it looked Japanese. It was the track version of the S1000RR, the beast that did not win the SBK championship – and continued not to win it even afterwards – but moved the bar so high in the road supersport category so as to become its undisputed queen and to remain so for many years to come.
With such a base, it was obvious to obtain a hyper naked; and so it was that the end of 2013 saw the launch of the BMW S1000R, essentially an RR stripped of the fairing and with the engine weakened to “only” 160 hp. On paper, the figure might seem disappointing to some since the KTM 1290 Super Duke R had recently appeared with 180; but, in reality, the Bavarian naked bike turned out to be a beast with remarkable performance, providing even greater torque than its track sister.
In 2019, the new S1000RR was launched, completely renewed and lightened compared to the previous series and equipped with a more powerful and torquey redesigned engine with a variable valve timing system. From this new beast was born at the end of 2020 the new naked S1000R, the object of this review.
The tested specimen was a MY 2022, which remained unchanged for 2023, and was equipped with standard rims and Dunlop Sportsmart Mk3 tires, definitely suitable for the type of bike.
How It Is
Appearence
The S1000R follows the general approach of the previous series even though it shares practically no component. The optical group, which has become single and symmetrical, is the same as the F900R; but, otherwise, the similarity between the two bikes is not very marked; the S looks much meaner, almost post-apocalyptic, due to the design of all the details, including the trellis rear subframe. Interesting is the weight reduction compared to the old series from 207 to 199 kg (unladen weight, road ready, fully fuelled) obtained mainly in the engine – with some help from removal of the optional footpegs and passenger seat. Equally interesting is the fact that the S weighs 13 kg less than the twin-cylinder F900R.
The choice to supply the production bike in single-seater configuration is consistent with its general setting, clearly aimed at motorcyclists who intend to ride on the track. In fact, the license plate holder and other details can be easily dismantled.
Chassis
Chassis and suspension of the S1000R are those characteristics of the new S series. The fork is 45 mm upside-down, with steering damper adjustable in preload, compression dumping (left strut), and extension dumping (right strut), while at the rear there is an aluminum trussed swingarm with a progressive Full Floater Pro type kinematics – for a detailed explanation of the history and operation of this scheme, see my article Full floater Suspension Systems – and monoshock also adjustable in preload and compression/extension damping. The particular geometry of the rear suspension allows it not only to have a progressive absorption, but also to keep the mono at a considerable distance from the engine and the heat emanating from it in order to ensure maximum constancy of operation.
The main dimensions are as follows (in brackets are the data of the first series).
front travel 120 mm (120 mm)
rear travel 117 mm (120 mm)
wheelbase 1450 mm (1439 mm)
trailing stroke 96 mm (98.5 mm)
steering tilt angle 24.2° (24.6°)
You notice the sportier numbers of the steering.
The wheels are made of alloy with tubeless tires in the usual sizes of 120/70 ZR 17 on a 3.5 x 17″ rim at the front and 190/55 ZR 17 on a 6 x 17″ rim at the rear. The optional forged M rims come with a rear 200/55 ZR 17 tire.
Engine
The engine that equips the S1000R and XR derives from that of the S1000RR and is completely redesigned compared to that of the previous series – besides, it is narrower and lighter. It is a classic four-cylinder in-line mounted transversely with four non-radial valves per cylinder, indirectly driven by two overhead camshafts through the interposition of small rocker arms, according to a scheme widespread on the latest models of the Bavarian firm.
The main differences compared to the super sports S1000RR are the power—reduced from 207 hp at 13,500 rpm to 165 hp at 11,000 rpm to favor torque at medium revs—and the elimination of the variable valve timing system. The choice was dictated by cost containment and because the engine expresses maximum power at a much lower speed than on the super sports model, making it possible to set a valve timing to obtain better behavior in the medium range. All true, but the fact remains that the variable valve timing system of the RR guarantees a much higher torque than that available on the R and XR—not only above 10,000 rpm, as would be expected, but also between 5,000 and 7,500 which are important speeds on a road bike.
The graph highlights the above. The maximum torque curve on the S1000RR is very high and tends to be flat from 5,500 rpm upwards, while that of the S1000R and XR, which has its peak of 114 Nm at 9250 rpm, is more uneven. It shows an evident leap at 7,000 rpm, below which the thrust is “only” that of a good four-cylinder 1000 cc. Although the relative weakness in the mid range can be seen as a defect on the XR, the choice on the R is fully justified by its greater lightness, the sports use, and the lower price.
Transmission
As on the S1000XR – and unlike on the S1000RR – the gearbox on this new series has the ratio of the last three gears significantly lengthened, so much so that now the 6a is about 7.5% longer and the revs at 130 km/h have dropped accordingly from about 5900 to about 5500 rpm. In this way, driving on the motorway is significantly more relaxing and also benefits consumption. The gear ratios are as follows (in brackets the data of the old S1000R/XR and the S1000RR).
Gear
Ratio
Primary
1.652
1st
2.647
2nd
2.091
3rd
1.727
4th
1.476 (1.500)
5th
1.304 (1.360)
6th
1.167 (1.261)
Final
2.647
The resulting speeds at which the engine starts pulling hard and expresses maximum power are as follows. With the optional 200/55 ZR 17 tire, the values increase by a scant 2%.
Gear
Speed @ 7,000 rpm
Speed @ 11,000 rpm
1st
73.0
114.8
2nd
92.5
145.3
3rd
112.0
175.9
4th
131.0
205.9
5th
148.3
233.0
6th
165.7
260,4
The slipper clutch is operated by cable. The Gearbox Assistant Pro, i.e., the BMW auto-blipper quickshifter, is available as an option.
Brakes
The S1000R is equipped with two 320 mm front rotors with four-piston Hayes radial calipers, while at the rear there is a 265 mm rotor with a two-piston floating caliper. Despite the distinctly sporty intended use, there is no radial pump, while there are steel braided hoses as per BMW tradition. If M forged rims are required, the front rotors are those of the S1000RR, with their thickness increased to 5 mm.
The ABS system is semi-integral, with the lever that operates both brakes and the pedal that acts only on the rear. As always at BMW, the two braking circuits are independent, and the integral function is obtained by means of the ABS pump which is active only when the ignition is on.
Driving Assistance Electronics
From the point of view of electronic driving aids, the S1000R, which is equipped with a 6-axis inertial platform, offers the following accessories as standard.
Riding modes – Includes Rain, Road, and Dynamic riding modes.
ABS Pro – Anti-lock braking system with rear wheel lift control and cornering function that reduces the initial braking power at the front when the bike is leaning to minimize the effects of a too abrupt use of the front brake while cornering. Its behavior changes according to the driving modes and can be either deactivated or limited to just the front wheel.
DTC (Dynamic Traction Control) – Anti-skid system that can be disengaged. It takes into account the lean angle of the bike.
HSC (Hill Start Control) – System to keep the bike braked by pulling strongly the brake lever, in order to have your hands free and to simplify uphill starts.
On request there is the following.
Dynamic Pro Driving Mode – It is fully configurable and also includes the following:
Launch Control – Automatic acceleration regulator for track use. It is activated by holding down the start button until the number of launches still possible without overheating the clutch appears on the display. Once activated, by starting the bike with the throttle wide open, the system keeps the engine at 9000 fixed rpm while trimming the torque as necessary. It works up to 70 km/h unless the throttle is closed or brakes applied, or if the of the bike lean angle becomes excessive.
Pit Lane Limiter – First gear speed limiter. Once activated via the Settings and set the revs between 3,500 and 8,000 rpm, by keeping the start button pressed the engine remains at the set speed even with the throttle wide open until you release the button.
Wheelie Control – Wheelie control adjustable via the Settings menu.
MSR (“Motor Schleppmoment Regelung”, i.e., engine brake adjustment) – System that automatically controls the engine brake, decreasing it (i.e., giving gas) in case of sudden downshifts in order to avoid any slipping of the rear wheel.
DBC (Dynamic Brake Control) – Function that in emergency braking increases the pressure on the rear brake and closes a forgotten open throttle, improving stability and braking distances.
HSC Pro – Advanced hill start assistant, which can also be configured to automatically engage when the bike is stationary and braking, without having to pull the brake lever hard.
DDC (Dynamic Damping Control) – Self-adaptive suspension system that automatically adjusts the suspension extension dumping according to the driving conditions and the route. When the bike is stationary, it allows the electric adjustment of the preload for rider, rider with luggage, and pilot with passenger. The peculiarity of this system compared to the D-ESA that usually equips BMWs is that here it is possible to manually set all the parameters of both suspensions – preload and extension/compression dumping – in order to tailor the suspension to any riders preferences.
Shift Assistant Pro – It allows in many situations to shift gear without clutch and it includes the auto-blipper.
The choice of riding modes influences the other electronic aids and harmonizes them with each other in different situations, while the two settings for the Road or Dynamic suspension – available only if the DDC is present – are always selectable in all riding modes. Below are the configurations provided in all riding modes.
Rain
gentle throttle response
reduced torque in lower gears
maximum engine brake
DTC adjusted for maximum stability on wet tracks, resulting in a reduction in maximum acceleration on dry surfaces
anti-wheelie to the maximum
anti-stoppie active
Road
normal throttle response
reduced torque in lower gears (this is what is written in the user manual; but, if it is true, the torque is still much higher than in the Rain setting)
maximum engine brake
DTC adjusted for high stability on dry track, results in a slight reduction in maximum acceleration on dry surfaces
anti-wheelie that allows a slight lift of the front wheel
anti-stoppie active
Dynamic
normal throttle response
reduced torque in lower gears
medium engine brake
DTC adjusted for high performance on dry surfaces
anti-wheelie that allows a slight lift of the front
anti-stoppie active
Dynamic Pro
Fully customizable driving mode, the settings remain stored even after the ignition is turned off.
ABS Pro cornering function disabled
ABS can be deactivated only at the rear or totally
DBC deactivable
normal or soft throttle response
maximum or reduced torque in lower gears
medium or idle engine brake
DTC for maximum performance, adjustable
anti-wheelie that allows high wheelie, adjustable and deactivable
adjustable and deactivable anti-stoppie
The Dynamic Pro mode is activated only after the 1,000 km service by inserting a connector located under the saddle. The presence of the connector is indicated in the TFT display by the symbol of an electrical plug.
Surprisingly, the throttle does not provide for quick adjustment even in Dynamic Pro mode. Probably in BMW they fear that, given the remarkable performance of the engine and the lightness of the bike, the command will become too abrupt.
In addition, I noticed during the test – quite thorough from a performance point of view – that the torque limitation in the lower gears is clear in Rain, but not in Road, which seems similar to Dynamic mode. This has its consequences on fast accelerations, as we will see later.
Commands
The handlebar controls are the classic ones of current BMWs, aesthetically pleasing and characterized by the presence of numerous buttons to operate all the services available as standard or on request. There are so many, especially on the left side, that you feel the need of a backlight at night.
The turning lights are operated with the standard control and have automatic shutdown. Its logic, similar to that already seen on the F900 – but not on the K1600B – is very sophisticated and particularly functional. The novelty is that here the control behaves differently if you slide the switch briefly or if you hold it for a second.
With a quick tap, the lights turn off:
below 30 km/h, after 50 meters
between 30 and 100 km/h, after a stretch of road that varies according to speed and acceleration
above 100 km/h, after 5 flashes
With a prolonged touch, the turning lights always turn off after a stretch of road that varies according to speed. From some tests made, you find that at 130 km/h they blink 14 times, and more as speed is reduced.
This logic is very functional and solves an ancient problem of this system, namely the need to repeat the operation when you want to signal the exit from a motorway.
The high beam is switched on by pressing on the lever above the left block with the index finger and it is flashed by pulling the same lever outwards.
The horn – of very sad scooter quality usually found on motorcycles – is operated by the button correctly located under the command of the turning lights while the hazard light is operated with a dedicated button above the left block.
Also in the left block there is the rocker button to deactivate the DTC and to adjust the optional DDC suspension system, plus the settings of the practical BMW cruise control, also optional.
On the right block there is the button for the driving modes, described above, the one for the optional heated grips with three options – rapid heating and two intensity levels – and the usual rocker button for the engine start and kill switch. The engine start also manages, if present, the Launch Control and the Pit Lane Limiter.
The Intelligent Emergency Call system is available as standard. In this case there is an additional block on the right with a large red button protected by a safety lid with a SOS inscription to avoid accidental calls. The system uses its own SIM and therefore also works without a smartphone. In case of an accident, either the rider can press the SOS button or the system automatically detects an accident and its severity. The BMW Call Center answers in the rider’s own language and it is possible to communicate via a loudspeaker and a microphone installed in the block. The proper rescue chain is then activated depending on the severity of the accident described by the rider or detected by the system. Interestingly, the system control unit can be removed without tools for use on the track.
The Keyless Ride system is available on request. The key remains in your pocket, while the starter and steering lock are governed by a button in place of the starter lock. When the key is near the bike, pressing the button briefly turns on the ignition, pressing it briefly turns it off, while holding it down for a couple of seconds it also engages or disengages the steering lock. The system also does not serve the tank cap, which must be opened with the key.
Among the various systems of this kind that I have tried, this is undoubtedly the best; yet I still prefer the traditional key system because it is faster in operation, it is practically indestructible and, above all, it allows me to always keep the key under control. If contact with the key is lost when the engine is running, the engine does not stop, for obvious safety reasons, but a warning appears on the dashboard that the key is no longer nearby and that it is no longer possible to restart. The warning is nice and big, but it is possible not to pay attention to it, especially just after departure. As long as the rider is always the same and keeps the key in a secure pocket, everything is fine; but any variation from the routine – the key falls from an open pocket or is forgotten in the passenger’s jacket after dropping him at his home, or the motorcycle is loaned to a friend, etc. – can mean wasting time retrieving the key or, worse, being stranded at the next stop.
As for the foot controls, optional adjustable sports footpegs are available and, as standard, there is the interesting possibility of reversing the functionality of the gear lever – i.e., first at the top and all the other gears at the bottom – for use on the track. The gear lever has two eyelets for fixing the connecting rod, one in front and one behind its axis. To reverse, simply connect the rod from one eyelet to another.
Dashboard
The S1000R is equipped as standard with the TFT color Dashboard with 6.5″ display typical of current BMW production, housed in a frame containing the various basic lights: turn signals, high beam, daytime running lights, general alarm triangle, ABS, DTC, and engine failure. As usual, the TFT can be operated by means of the Multicontroller — the practical ring by the left handgrip — and the Menu button on the left block.
The dashboard includes several visualizations, some of which are dedicated to driving and others to ancillary information. The basic information — speed, gear engaged, time, ambient temperature, and whether automatic daylight switching is activated — is present with any display while the others appear only in some modes or are alternative to each other.
The Pure Ride display is the standard, simple but of a certain effect which, in addition to the basic information, shows a large and scenic tachometer bar and only one of the data present in the My Vehicle or On-Board Computer screens (for example, fuel level, partial mileage, etc.).
The Sport 1 display is characterized by a nice semicircular analog tachometer placed in the center of the screen and some interesting indicators:
reduction of engine torque induced by the intervention of DTC, instantaneous and maximum, in %
instantaneous and maximum lean angle for both sides, in degrees
Instantaneous and maximum deceleration, in m/s2
The Sport 2 display is aesthetically similar to the 1, but is meant for use on the track and therefore shows the following indicators:
instantaneous and maximum DTC-induced RPM reduction, in %
Current lap time
Best lap time — today’s lap or best ever can be chosen
gap of the last completed lap or the current one compared to the best lap chosen
The lap times are marked using the light switch lever, or automatically through the GPS Laptrigger M, an on-the-track riding data recorder made by the German company 2D and available in the aftermarket, provided that its predisposition has been requested at the purchase. The recorder keeps track of the main parameters of the bike at all moments of the lap and allows an in-depth analysis of all phases of riding.
The Sport 3 display looks totally different and features all the info available in the Sport 2, plus the instantaneous and maximum lean angle.
The My Vehicle display allows you to select one of the following menus at your choice:
My vehicle – shows total mileage, coolant temperature, tire pressure, battery voltage, range, and service deadline indicator
On-board computer – shows average speed, average consumption, total travel time, total parking time, partial and total mileage, last reset date.
Travel computer – is like the previous one and allows you to collect data on a different stretch; it resets itself after being stopped for six hours or when the date changes
Tire inflation pressure – in addition to the pressure compensated with the operating temperature visible also in the My Vehicle tab, it also shows the real tire pressure
Need for maintenance – indicates the expiration date and remaining mileage until the next maintenance
any additional tabs containing eventual Check Control Messages.
The Navigation screen works if a smartphone is connected with the BMW Motorrad Connected app. GPS navigation takes place through the driving directions provided by the smartphone navigator (for example Waze or Google Maps) only via the audio in the helmet. Even without an actual map, you still can see distance and time to arrival, distance until the next turn, name of the current road and the one to be taken at the next turn, pictograms describing the intersections and roundabouts ahead, and speed limits along the route. The system is very clear in operation and does not miss a map too much.
The Media screen has a particularly well done search engine and works via Bluetooth with a compatible device and a helmet with a hands-free system, allowing you to listen to music along the route.
The Phone screen allows you to make and receive phone calls if a compatible device and a helmet with a compatible hands-free system are connected via Bluetooth.
Among the options I did not find the predisposition to the BMW GPS device.
Lighting
The S1000R comes standard with a full LED lighting system and, on request, the Adaptive Light Control, a system that is activated when the bike leans and allows a deeper illumination of the trajectory in curves.
The front light cluster, vaguely trapezoidal in shape and the same as that of the F900R, is divided into three parts—from top to bottom: low beam, daytime/running light, and high beam—flanked by adaptive cornering lights. If the adaptive cornering system is present, the stylized R in the centre of the headlight assembly is backlit.
As on most nakeds, the S1000R does not have a practical system of height adjustment of the headlight depending on the load, so it is necessary to loosen the fixing screws. In this case, given the very low probability that this bike will go around with a passenger, this is a non-problem.
Through the Settings menu of the dashboard, it is possible to set the low beam always on or the daytime running light with automatic switching to low beam at night, and you can always choose manually between the two modes through a button on the left block.
Light power, width, and homogeneity are excellent. Adaptive lighting, however, is nothing spectacular: Outside the actual headlight beam, only a limited extra area of the trajectory is weakly lit, thus offering a marginal advantage.
Riding Position
The driving position is sporty, with torso inclined rather forward and footpegs quite high and set back, although not as on the RR. As in all sports bikes on the planet – except the S1000XR with its basin-shaped saddle – the seat allows the rider to move freely in any direction.
The handlebar is adjustable in two positions.
There is no lowering kit nor is there a seat height adjustment; but, on request and at no extra charge, the bike can be ordered with a low or high seat. The M seat dedicated to use on the track is only an aftermarket item. The possible seat heights are as follows:
low seat 810 mm
M seat 824 mm
standard seat 830 mm
high seat 850 mm
The mirrors are the standard ones of non-faired BMWs: a bit small, but set wide, they do not vibrate and allow a view that could be wider.
Passenger
The bike is sold as a single-seater, but a passenger seat and footpegs kit is available on request for the passenger who either loves the rider very much or is a bit masochistic. If the two qualities coexist, even better.
Load Capacity
Given the distinctly sporty setting, for the S1000R there is obviously no type of rigid suitcase, but there are two tank bags, two for the passenger seat, and a kit of soft side bags specifically dedicated to the model, although rather small (21 liters). So, if you want, you can travel, strictly alone.
An interesting fact: The total weight allowed for the bike is a whopping 407 kg, therefore, with a payload of 208 kg, it is a rather high value for a hyper naked and says a lot about the capabilities of the chassis.
Startup is ready. The racing origin of the engine is immediately noticeable from the idling speed, which is rather high for a 4 in line, around 1300 rpm, and rises to around 2500 rpm when cold. The mechanical noise is high. The exhaust sound, on the other hand, is pleasant, full, but never intrusive at any rpm. The very high idle when cold and the rather abrupt clutch can cause the bike to jerk forward abruptly at first, so particular attention is required when starting off and maneuvering.
The test took place in January with temperatures at or below 15°C degrees, so I could not detect any heat problems.
Once underway, the four-cylinder easily accepts even very low revs, so much so that it is possible to accelerate in 6° from 40 km/h (corresponding to 1,700 rpm) at full throttle without the slightest jolt. At constant low revs it surges a bit, but it is not a big problem.
Opening the gas, the engine revs up to 7,000 rpm with a decisive and regular push which, after this threshold, becomes impressive, also thanks to the short gears ratio, and it remains so practically up to the limiter located at 12,000 rpm. The acceleration that results when pulling the gears down is even excessive: I’m sure not many owners of this bike will have the guts to experience it to the fullest.
The response to the rotation of the throttle grip is very sweet in Rain, a little quicker in Road, but strangely remains unchanged in both Dynamic and Dynamic Pro. Personally, I felt the lack of a more direct control.
In Rain mode, the torque remains quite high overall, but is limited in the lower gears – certainly in the first three, but it didn’t seem to me in fourth. According to the user manual, the torque should also be limited on Road, but while riding I was able to ascertain that the bike actually pulls much higher and similar to the sportier modes, even if I can’t say if it’s exactly the same, because the performances in maximum acceleration are almost scaring and it is practically impossible to perceive certain differences.
Acceleration
The exuberance of the engine is such that the bike can be managed thanks only to the DTC and, in any case, only up to a certain point. Already starting from the Road mode, the front wheel does not want to stay on the ground at any rpm in the first two gears, making it necessary to choke the throttle to maintain an acceptable trajectory. Paradoxically, in acceleration tests at street speeds, I set the best times in Rain mode which limits the torque and keeps the wheelie at bay. With relative ease, I achieved a 0-100 km/h in 3.45 sec. With numerous attempts in Road mode, I never got below 3.87—it seems to ride a rodeo horse and you are forced to choke the gas and anticipate the 1st-2nd shifting a little. I probably could have done better with further launches, but probably not any better than with the Rain mode. It would really help if the Road mapping prevented the wheelie altogether.
The potential of the S1000R emerges in full above 100 km/h. In Road mode, it took me just 9.01 seconds to reach 200 km/h from a standstill – in 250 m!
By way of comparison, my 2007 K1200GT with 152 HP, which also posts considerable times for a tourer and almost equal to the K1600, covers the 0-100 km/h in 3.85 s, i.e., just 0.4 sec above the S1000R, but to reach 200 km/h , it takes 12.46 sec and 346 m.
The g-trend clearly shows why the S1000R fails to do better on short sprints, despite the excellent power-to-weight ratio. In fact, the curve is substantially constant up to about 90 km/h, because it is precisely limited by the tendency of the bike to wheelie around 0.9 g.
I also tried to do some throws in Road mode without using the quickshifter, to see the difference. In the 0-100 km/h, I lost 0.11 sec, while in the 0-200, I lost 0.74 sec. The shift assist does indeed save some time; but, at road speeds, the advantage is minimal—even more reason not to want it on my bike.
The DTC (Dynamic Traction Control) system can always be deactivated while driving, is precise in its intervention, and minimally invasive. Honestly, it seems really stupid to deactivate it. On the Sport screen, you can check the percentage of power lost when exceeding the grip limit during acceleration. If the DTC is deactivated, the value is always equal to zero, while in the event of maximum acceleration in low gears, the system intervenes – a lot! – also on a perfect and clean asphalt, given the exuberance of the engine.
Unfortunately I didn’t get to use the Launch Control. It doesn’t make sense on the road, but I’d still be curious to see if I’d get better lap times, even if I don’t think it can work miracles.
Pick-up in 6th Gear
Although the gear ratios are the same as those of the S1000XR, here one does not have any impression of sluggishness in pick up at low revs, due to the lower weight, but perhaps also to the different mental predisposition – something more is expected on a sport-touring crossover. The following table compares the maximum torque available at the wheel by opening the throttle in 6th gear at 90 and 130 km/h on the S1000R and XR and, for further comparison, on the F900R, in absolute value and in relation to weight.
S1000R
S1000XR
F900R
Max wheel torque @ 90 km/h in 6th Nm
393
393
356
Max wheel torque per kg of weight @ 90 km/h in 6th Nm
1.97
1.74
1.62
Max wheel torque @ 130 km/h in 6th Nm
480
480
406
Max wheel torque per kg of weight @ 1300 km/h in 6th Nm
2.41
2.12
1.85
As you can see, the S1000R offers a significantly higher pull in 6th gear at road cruising speeds than the XR. The transition from 40 to 120 km/h takes just 7.43 seconds and is the same in all driving modes. I hadn’t taken the times with the XR, which certainly does a little worse, while the K1600B covers the same distance in 8.8 sec.
The slight hesitation around 150 km/h, clearly visible in the instant g graph below, corresponds exactly to the down in the torque curve around 6,500 rpm.
Gearbox
The standard gearbox is pleasant, very precise, and with a short stroke while the clutch is soft, but rather abrupt when starting off. However, on the tested bike with about 10,000 km on the counter, there must have been some clutch problem – I tried to adjust the cable, but with no improvement – because it was practically impossible to find neutral with the bike stationary, while maneuverability was perfect on the S1000XR tested, equipped with the same engine and gearbox. There was also the quickshifter, which makes the lever more contrasted and rubbery. The system works well at medium revs, particularly when downshifting, which is also possible when cornering without problems, and in sporty driving; but it is rough at low revs and, in certain circumstances, requires you to pay attention to the position of the throttle on pain of refusing to shift. The case that typically makes me blush is when I’m in a short gear when going downhill and I want to shift to a higher gear to avoid excessive engine braking: It just can’t be done with the gas closed. Personally, I prefer the standard gearbox not only for the best lever feel, but because I can shift when and how I want.
Brakes
Braking is powerful and resistant. It doesn’t have the almost violent bite of super sports bikes, which may disappoint some; but, in any case, it is quite good for sporting use and is always very easily adjustable even for those with less experience. The fork behaves very well even when braking hard and the bike always remains perfectly stable, unlike the S1000XR which suffers from some slight twisting.
Braking from 120 km/h required 3.95 sec and 69.0 m
The deceleration graph below clearly highlights how the ABS limits deceleration to around 0.9 g to avoid rollover.
It is really interesting to note that my K1200GT, despite weighing 288 kg, a good 89 more than the S, obtains almost identical performance given that, in the same situation, it needs 4.0 sec and 68.3 m.
The ABS Pro works very well, there is no delayed-braking feeling and it minimizes imbalances in the set-up when braking hard while cornering. In such a situation, the ABS intervenes well before the actual loss of grip, drastically limiting the front braking power in the very first moments, to increase it gradually after. In this way, braking when cornering is always made very progressively, as if the lever were being pulled slowly rather than abruptly, all to the advantage of stability.
Steering and Attitude
The steering of the S1000R is precise and prompt, but at the same time less nervous at high speeds than that of the previous series. The improvement is probably also due to the longer wheelbase and more effective rear suspension.
The upside-down fork is well supported and very smooth, while the monoshock of the test sample was rather hard even in Road mode. I haven’t had the opportunity to adjust the suspension, but I’m sure that the various adjustments, which are available even if the optional DDC is present, allow you to make it softer without problems.
Downtown
The S1000R is very light and streamlined and allows easy control to the vertically challenged, who also have a lower seat available. The engine is quite manageable – even if at times a bit clumsy – because the throttle control is very progressive in all mappings and the torque at low revs is that of a normal bike – almost; but you need to be careful with the clutch, which is a bit abrupt. It is for this reason, rather than for the power, that the S is not very suitable for beginners.
On Highways
Freeway trips are not the best on such a bike, but the S is no more uncomfortable than the average naked bike, given that the suspension can be tailored, the position is not extremely forward-leaning, and the seat, all in all, is acceptable. It is also possible to mount a Sport windshield, not present on the tested bike. The excellent stability guaranteed by the chassis, the not excessive rpm allowed by the ratios – in sixth gear at 130 km/h the engine is at 5500 rpm – and the absence of particularly annoying vibrations complete an overall satisfactory picture.
On Twisty Roads
On twisty roads the S1000R is a killer weapon, especially when the curves get wider. The very powerful but easily manageable engine, the effective brakes, the perfect chassis, the excellent ground clearance, and the promptness of the steering all contribute. The maneuverability in the tighter twists is not that of a motard, but the S behaves very well here too, thanks also to its light weight. It’s a bike made to go fast: The higher the pace, the more the steering precision improves and the more one feels in tune. Part of the credit for this certainly goes to the progressive full floater rear suspension.
Consumption
Consumption at constant speed measured by the on-board instrument is as follows:
@ 90 km/h 20.4 km/l
@ 130 16.2 km/l
The overall average from top to top, including some urban sections, some highway, a lot of out of town riding, and several sections done at a fast pace, was 15.0 km/l.
The 16.5-litre tank allows mileage of 200-250km.
Conclusions
The S1000R, while not for beginners or passers-by, is definitely a thoroughbred that I would really like to have in my stable. It’s made to give sensations that not many other bikes can deliver, and in a balanced and truly convincing package.
Pros
Well made bike with aggressive aesthetics
Very powerful, elastic and well manageable engine
Excellent brakes
Very effective in very sporty riding
Cons
TFT dashboard that does not allow all relevant information to be displayed on one screen
Rubbery gearbox if shift assistance is present
On the sample tested (but not on others), it was almost impossible to find the neutral when stationary.
Thanks to BMW Motorrad Roma for making this test possible.
When I tested the BMW S1000XR, I noticed from the specs that the bike is equipped with a rear suspension called Full Floater Pro. I already knew the name Full Floater because it is a progressive damping suspension widely used by Suzuki in the ‘‘80s. Now, BMW tends to call “Pro” a lot of things that others also do – for example, the ABS Pro is nothing more than an anti-lock system with cornering function – so I distractedly thought that this suspension name was something like that and I mentally filed it in the “advertising fluff” drawer.
Later, I also tried the S1000R, based on the same mechanics, also common to the super sports S1000RR, but this time I was struck by this phrase in the press release, which had escaped me before:
The spring strut with Full Floater Pro kinematics is now located significantly further away from the swing axis and the engine. This prevents the shock absorber from heating up due to waste heat and ensures even more stable temperature behaviour and even more constant damping response.
In fact, in a visual comparison between the old and the new version, the shock absorber, which was previously practically hidden by the frame in the side view, now stands way back.
The full floater system as I knew it has several advantages but keeps the shock absorber ordinarily close to the engine. I absolutely had to understand, so I dug deep and found a lot of interesting information that I decided to share in this article. Enjoy!
A Bit of History
Starting from the ‘70s, the manufacturers of dirt bikes were faced with the problem of how to make landings less dramatic after jumps that, with the growth of bikes’ power, were becoming high enough to smash the frames—and also the drivers. It was essential to increase the wheel travel first. The simplest move would have been to adopt larger shock absorbers and stronger frame, but the weight gain would have been unsustainable.
A solution came from the Yamaha Monocross system, introduced in 1973, where the swingarm, equipped with a large upper truss, was hinged to an almost horizontal monoshock absorber anchored far forward to the upper beam of the frame. This scheme allowed a considerable increase in the rear wheel travel, the elimination of stress along most of the frame, and a lighter construction.
The further progress of the performance, however, raised the need to adopt kinematics that allowed a progressive and considerable increase in the rigidity of the suspension as the compression increased. In this way, it would have been possible to obtain bikes that behaved well on bumps, but at the same time could stand the hard landings, allowing a progressive transmission of the forces to the frame instead of the hard shocks of the spring bottoming-out. So it was that, at the turn of 1980, all the makers engaged in dirt bikes races were equipped with progressive systems, which soon were also adopted on road bikes. In particular, the systems developed by Japanese manufacturers became quite well known, because they were used as a commercial lever: the Honda Pro-link, the Kawasaki Uni-trak, the Yamaha Monoshock, and the Suzuki Full Floater.
The Richardson-Suzuki Full Floater
The Full Floater is indeed associated with the House of Iwata, but they actually stole the idea – if you wish to venture into reading the court case, here’s the link – of a passionate American biker, Don Richardson, who had designed, manufactured, and adapted it to his own cross bike, and then patented it in 1974, at the age of nineteen.
Suzuki, who had been trying for a while to make such a suspension, had signed with Richardson an option and license agreement in 1978 in order to study his system and apply it to series production in case it proved feasible. The young man then shared all the information he had and also provided several prototypes. In December 1979, Suzuki announced its resignation from the agreement; but, in reality, its technicians and testers were enthusiastic, so much so that the company, in October 1980, took out a Japanese patent for a similar scheme and began selling models with this suspension in 1981.
Richardson sued Suzuki and its subsidiary in the United States and, in March 1987, won the trial, obtaining damage compensation, a royalty of 50 cents on every motorcycle sold in the United States for patent infringement, and 12 dollars on every motorcycle sold in the world, including a guilty verdict for Suzuki’s theft of some non-patentable trade secrets for the practical implementation of the system. Considering that, until the judgment, Suzuki had sold about 1.5 million bikes with Full Floater suspensions, the judgment was in the order of magnitude of around 19 million dollars.
After the inevitable appeal, Richardson got even more, although he did sign an agreement with Suzuki not to reveal the final figure. Perhaps it is not only for technical reasons that the Japanese firm abandoned this system in the late 1980s.
From this article in the Los Angeles Times, published after the ruling, it also emerges that Richardson had already collected money with private agreements from Kawasaki and Yamaha, who had also copied to some extent his patent for their systems of progressive suspension. It therefore seems that a large part of the race for the most efficient suspension in the 1970s and 1980s is due to the genius of a young Californian.
The Full Floater scheme is based on a standard double swingarm, connected by two rods to an upper bell crank hinged to the frame. The monoshock absorber is anchored to the swingarm and the front end of the bell crank. When the swingarm swings up, so does the rear side of the bell crank, therefore the shock absorber is simultaneously compressed on both ends. The lack of any connection between the spring strut and the frame makes this suspension a “full floater”.
This scheme makes the suspension progressive and offers the additional advantage that the frame is not directly stressed by the shock absorber, because the forces are transmitted through the bell crank, making the ride more comfortable.
The Kawasaki Uni-Trak
The advantages of the full floater system were obvious, so other manufacturers also ventured into similar systems. The first, already in 1979, had been Kawasaki with the Uni-Trak system. Actually the name indicates a number of different progressive suspension systems. The first of these is however a variation of the Richardson scheme, as it maintains the upper bell crank, connected to the swingarm by a single central rod, while the shock absorber rests not on the swingarm, but on a lower arm parallel to it and anchored to the frame and to the wheel hub. Just looking at it, you understand why Richardson also obtained a financial agreement with this Firm.
The Honda Unit Pro-Link
Honda had followed a slightly different path from the other manufacturers. In fact, its Pro-Link system pursued progressive absorption, but also aimed at reducing the length of the shock absorber to increase the compactness of the system. The original Pro-Link scheme was not a full floater, as the monoshock was connected above the frame. At the bottom, however, it was pivoted to the front part of a triangular element, which in turn was connected to the rear of the swingarm and below, by means of a horizontal connecting rod, to the frame.
Incidentally, this system is used as it is by several other manufacturers, including BMW – on its K1200-1300-1600 series – and Triumph.
The later Unit Pro-Link system was a full floater instead. Developed on Valentino Rossi’s RC211V, this scheme was transferred to series production on the 2003 CBR600RR. In practice, it was a classic Pro-Link, with the only difference being that the shock absorber was anchored to the swingarm and no longer to the frame.
The Full Floater Pro BMW
As we have seen above in the Richardson Full Floater suspension, the shock absorber is in the forward position typical of progressive systems. Instead, in the Full Floater Pro scheme, a single rod connects the swingarm diagonally to the front of the bell crank, which then works the other way round to the traditional scheme. The shock absorber is then connected to the bell crank rear end, so it can be set back by an amount equal to the length of the bell crank itself, far away from the heat of the engine.
Another masterpiece of German mechanics? No way. The Teutonic engineers have simply adopted the functional scheme of the Ducati Soft Damp suspension, used in the ‘80s and ‘90s on many models of the Italian firm’s, from the Paso to the 916-996-998 series. With this solution, Ducati had brilliantly solved the problem of creating a progressive suspension in the narrow space between the rear cylinder exhaust of the long V2 longitudinal engine and the wheel.
Ultimately, kudos to BMW for having the fantasy to resurrect from history a scheme that has actually solved its technical problem. The “Pro” part of its suspension name, however, can remain in the fluff drawer.
Basic premise: I am a BMW K models lover. I owned eleven BMW motorcycles: seven of them are K, including the current one; and only one GS, which was sold after a few months because I often preferred to ride my K1200GT. While I’m far from being a GS maniac, I have studied this bike series for a long time and have ridden many miles on all of its versions, from the R1150GS onwards, so I can speak knowledgeably about its strengths and weaknesses.
I continually meet proud GS owners and curious non-owners who bombard me with questions about the BMW GS, clearly the biggest motorcycle phenomenon of the last twenty years, so I was naturally drawn to investigate the reasons for this success.
I speak, of course, of the real GS—the R series 1200 or the 1250 in its standard or Adventure versions. There are other models, from the new F850GS down to the G310GS, but they are very different in layout and they don’t have the charisma of the most desired bike.
The real GS is a top seller, more than any other model, at least in Italy and other European countries, including little teen-ager bikes that cost a fifth, and its success only increases over time.
Those who have it are proud of it and tend to be loyal, but if they betray that loyalty, they often retrace their steps. Those who don’t have it think and talk about it often, sometimes just to criticize it:
it costs too much
it is ugly
the shaft is hard and unbalances the ride
with that suspension you cannot feel the front end.
More often, however, they wonder if maintenance is affordable, or if the seat is too high; but, above all, how can those who have it ride so fast. Because the GS is the Total Weapon, it is a magical object that transforms any toad biker into a Prince Charming.
In short, the GS is the bike that everyone must deal with, surrounded by its own special aura. Is this aura based on real facts? Or is it just marketing?
Some History
Long ago, serious motorcyclists were clearly divided into two categories: asphalt lovers and mud lovers; the former used to buy road motorcycles, possibly with a fairing; the latter, single-cylinder dirt bikes.
Things changed with the birth of enduros, a genre invented by Yamaha in the late ’70s with the XT500—bikes suitable for dirt roads and relatively challenging off-road tracks, but practical and comfortable enough to be used for long journeys on asphalt.
While the larger and more expensive touring bikes were not very common in the ‘80s, the more affordable single-cylinder enduros were very successful. During this decade the twin-cylinder BMW R80 G/S appeared, the progenitor of the modern adventure category. It seemed unnecessarily large and heavy then – even if seen today next to the R1250GS Adventure, it looks like its lifeboat – but it won several Paris-Dakar races, creating a solid reputation eating up Saharan tracks. For this and other reasons, it made his way into the hearts of fans.
A lot has happened since then. Initially, BMW was imitated by Honda (with its Africa Twin) and other makers. In recent years, however, adventure motorcycles and crossovers (two largely overlapping categories, the second designed more specifically for road use) have supplanted the super-sport and naked bikes in the hearts of motorcyclists. In this new era, the GS is the undisputed queen.
Today most bikers choose a GS or another adventure bike or a crossover, even if they seldom travel and the only dirt road they will see is the driveway of a bed & breakfast in Tuscany. It’s remarkable that the top seller among the classic, old-fashioned tourers, the BMW R1250RT, sells at the rate of only one for every 14 (fourteen) GS bikes sold.
How can this result be explained?
Reasons for Success
Marketing & Communication
First of all, behind the GS success, there is a hell of a lot of marketing. BMW mainly sells cars and cleverly exploits the ego of their buyers, convincing them that the GS is perfect for the Successful Man, and that it is so safe and easy to drive that anyone can ride it as a first bike.
BMW has also been the first in Europe to utilize balloon loans to allow many people to bring home a motorcycle that they could not otherwise afford.
Another strength is communication. Every single GS advertisement promises the freedom to go anywhere. Many GS buyers use it for commuting and little else, but they buy what really matters—the Dream of Absolute Freedom. This bike explicitly promised to be unstoppable, and even when, years ago, most GS owners were left on foot due to a stupid electronic problem, the message remained fixed in their hearts.
Design
The GS is certainly not the most elegant motorcycle in the world, but it is solid, well made, and has a masculine, robust, professional look with few frills. It looks like a Bosch tool, and it’s no coincidence that its cases resemble those of drills. The GS transmits competence and promises to extend this quality to its riders.
Technique
BMW was the first motorcycle manufacturer to fit its motorcycles with accessories, often of clear automotive derivation, to make them easier, more comfortable, safer, and more appealing. First came the ABS. It was proposed in the BMW K100 way back in 1988 (a fact that boosts my K lover pride), soon became the favorite accessory of the German brand customers and in 2012 it became a standard feature on all its models, way before any other maker.
Then came the traction control, the heated grips, the electro-assisted gearshift also in downshift, the automatic speed control, and dozens of other accessories that can raise the price of a bike by thousands of dollars.
The GS is also a concentration of unconventional technical choices which, as a whole, make the riding experience quite different from any other bike:
integral braking system
boxer engine
shaft drive
Paralever rear suspension
Telelever front suspension.
Let’s see them in detail.
1) Integral Braking System
This has been offered standard or optional on the BMW R and K since the early 2000s. With it, the handlebar lever simultaneously activates both brakes, and the pedal can activate only the rear brake. It is therefore impossible to operate the front brake only, which creates a series of interesting advantages:
simplifies the braking via a single command that perfectly balances front and rear braking, like on cars;
eliminates the self-righting effect typically induced when using the front brake alone while cornering;
All this without precluding use of just the rear brake, needed in certain maneuvers such as U-turns, hairpin bends, and recovering from running too wide while turning.
2) Boxer Engine
BMW bikes have always been distinctive from others because of the large twin-cylinder heads protruding from their sides, present only in some Eastern European models born as clones of BMW Wehrmacht sidecars. The production of K models began in the early 1980s, but, even today, many BMW customers still snub them, and consider their inline 3- and 4-cylinder engines essentially a mistake.
Before listing the real strengths of the boxer, let’s start by debunking an imaginary quality: the legendary low center of gravity. In today’s BMW, it simply does not exist.
Years ago, this kind of engine was mounted closer to the ground and actually helped to lower the center of gravity compared to other solutions. The increase in displacement and, therefore, the already considerable width of this architecture, coupled with the greater leaning angles enabled by modern tires, have imposed a much higher mounting, raising the center of gravity to a level comparable to other engine layouts.
Apart from this, the boxer engine offers some interesting advantages.
First, it transmits much less heat because the heads are relatively far from the rider and are perfectly exposed to dynamic ventilation.
Above all, the architecture with opposed cylinders guarantees, among the two-cylinders, the maximum regularity of rotation, particularly at low rpm, a traditional flaw of the twins. Any two-cylinder V-engine under 3000 rpm kicks, while the BMW boxer remains smooth below 2000 rpm in any gear even with full throttle, thus allowing the rider not to worry about the gear engaged: a great advantage, especially for beginners and relaxed riders.
The boxer layout also has some flaws. In addition to the engine width cited above, the torque reaction induced by the longitudinal crankshaft should be mentioned. An increase in rpms pulls the bike to the right side, typically by twisting the throttle at idle. Since 2004, this problem has been greatly reduced on BMWs, inserting a countershaft under the crankshaft; and virtually eliminated since 2013 with the new water-cooled boxer, where different transmission components rotate in the opposite direction of the crankshaft.
Incidentally, as a BMW K lover, I have to point out that the same problem of torque reaction should have affected even the 3- and 4-cylinder in-line engines of the K series, that also have the longitudinal crankshaft, but it was overcome brilliantly from the start by mounting the flywheel on the primary transmission shaft—and all that in 1983.
3) Shaft Drive
Many touring bikes are equipped with a shaft drive; but, among the adventure motorcycles and crossovers, it is rare. Other than on the GS, it is found only on the Yamaha Super Ténéré and the Honda Crosstourer.
The shaft has the great advantage of eliminating the need to clean and lubricate the chain every 500-1000 km, not a problem for motorcyclists accustomed to this practice, but a considerable hassle for those coming from cars or scooters and, in general, for those who travel long distances.
4) Paralever Rear Suspension
In the past, shaft drives caused the rear suspension to extend in acceleration and to compress while braking, a behavior that makes the ride awkward. BMW solved this problem by adding a second wishbone to the suspension and a universal joint between the shaft and the final bevel gear where there used to be only one on the gearbox side. Thanks to these devices and well-designed flexible couplings, the shaft transmission behaves practically like a chain – even simulating the chain pull! – the only real difference being the greater silence. Whoever says the opposite surely has never driven a modern shaft-equipped bike.
5) Telelever Front Suspension
Esistono altre moto con il motore boxer o con la trasmissione ad albero e la sospensione posteriore a quadrilatero, ma nessuna moto diversa da una BMW R o K ha la sospensione anteriore Telelever[2].
Other bikes are equipped with a boxer engine or a shaft drive with double swingarm rear suspension, but no bike other than a BMW R or K features the Telelever front suspension which, as is well-known, drastically reduces nosediving while braking[1]. This effect is not achieved by dumping the front shock absorber and thereby worsening the bump absorption (as happened on some Japanese motorcycles of the past), but by means of a peculiar geometry of the suspension which prevents the shortening of the wheelbase while braking. This fact allows the suspension compression over bumps while minimizing the compression due to weight transfer toward the front wheel.
This makes it possible to use an extremely soft shock absorber, very effective on hard bumps, while avoiding the excessive fork compression that would occur with a standard fork during hard brakings.
The advantages of this feature are considerable:
the suspension perfectly absorbs the bumps, transmitting minimal stress to the handlebar;
the bike keeps a substantially flat attitude while braking, even squeezing the lever, and this allows:
to go into corners while braking quite hard without problems;
to use the front brake even in a clumsy way, and even while cornering, without negative repercussions;
a very efficient and mentally less demanding drive;
unparalleled riding comfort for rider and passenger, and much less prone to jolts and attitude changes even in sporty driving;
the avoided reduction of the wheelbase while braking that was mentioned above notably increases the stability of the bike during killer brakings;
it is possible to apply the braking force on the front wheel almost instantaneously, rather than wait for the complete compression of the suspension, which results in a drastic reduction in the risk of panic-stop locks (currently avoided by the ABS).
Telelever detractors claim that it would prevent the driver from feeling the front wheel while braking, particularly in sporty driving. Well, after a lifetime of tests and comparisons, I can definitely say that this is nonsense. The proof is that those who drive a GS tend to go faster than with other bikes, which means that the bike gives them better performance and, thus, more confidence. This suspension is simply different; and, like all different things, it requires you to review your beliefs, an exercise that is not easy for some.
I detrattori del Telelever affermano che esso impedirebbe di percepire il comportamento della ruota anteriore, particolarmente nella guida sportiva. Beh, dopo una vita di prove e comparazioni, posso serenamente affermare che questa è una fesseria. Prova ne sia il fatto che chi guida un GS tende ad andare più veloce che con altre moto, il che vuol dire che la moto gli dà più confidenza. Questa sospensione è semplicemente diversa, e come tutte le cose diverse, richiede di rivedere le proprie convinzioni, esercizio non facile per alcuni.
Conclusion
In short, all these features contribute to making the GS a bike that is easy to buy and maintain, comfortable to ride, and easy to drive—so much so that it is really foolproof. Relatively limited driving skills are enough to make it go fast and with a noticeably reduced mental commitment. That’s why those who try it usually fall in love with it.
In short, if you have a GS, the real one, you have made a good purchase.
[1] Actually, In the case of GS this effect is less important than on other bikes, as the Telelever suspension, which will be discussed later, provides right this effect, among other things..
[2] There is a different design with very similar effects: the Hossack quadrilateral suspension (Duolever) that equips the recent BMW K models (1200, 1300, and 1600) and the new Honda Gold Wing.
Viaggi in moto – Corsi guida sicura – Motorcycle Tours in Italy and Europe